Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Double Tapered, Proximally Coated Stem: 15 to 24-year Clinical and Radiologic Follow-up

Mohammad Darwish; Neil R Bergman; Richard J Hiscock

doi:10.1016/j.arth.2024.04.051

Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Double Tapered, Proximally Coated Stem: 15 to 24-year Clinical and Radiologic Follow-up

J Arthroplasty. 2024 Apr 20:S0883-5403(24)00374-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.04.051. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mohammad Darwish¹, Neil R Bergman², Richard J Hiscock³

Affiliations

¹ Suite 10 Warringal Medical Centre 214 Burgundy St. Heidelberg, VIC 3084. Electronic address: mohammaddarwish2@gmail.com.
² Suite 10 Warringal Medical Centre 214 Burgundy St. Heidelberg, VIC 3084. Electronic address: neil@neilbergman.com.au.
³ Suite 10 Warringal Medical Centre 214 Burgundy St. Heidelberg, VIC 3084. Electronic address: richardjhiscock@gmail.com.

PMID: 38649064
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.04.051

Abstract

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty implant choice profoundly affects survivorship, complications, and failure modes. This study evaluates the long-term (average 18 year) outcomes of ceramic-on-ceramic hip arthroplasty using uncemented shells and stems. Despite an impressive 20-year cumulative percent revision (CPR) of 5.9%, the hydroxyapatite proximally coated femoral components evaluated in this study have seen declining use since 2003.

Methods: A review of 349 consecutive total hip arthroplasties from 1999 to 2007 were matched to 272 cases with registry data. A survivorship analysis included 274 hips (Group A) after excluding patients lost to follow-up and navigated cases. Group B comprised 135 patients who had complete datasets spanning a minimum of 15 years.

Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis identified a 95.6% survivorship plateau at 16 to 24 years, with no significant impact from age, sex, component size, or original pathology. In Group B, EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ5D5L) scores indicated favorable outcomes in mobility, self-care, activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, with an EQ5D Visual Analogue Score (VAS) mean of 79.24. Functional scores, including the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), showed positive outcomes. Radiologic assessments revealed no osteolysis or loose components, with a mean Engh score of 21.69. Dorr classification identified bone quality variations. Better Engh scores corresponded to higher levels of patient satisfaction. Age at surgery was correlated with better functional scores, while sex influenced various outcomes.

Conclusion: This comprehensive study, spanning an average of 18.23 years, combined multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with extensive clinical and radiologic follow-up. It reported a notably high survivorship rate for this implant combination but highlighted the declining use of the hydroxyapatite proximally coated femoral stem used in this study, potentially facing withdrawal risks in Australia.

Keywords: alumina-on-alumina; cementless; ceramic; hip arthroplasty; long term; total hip arthroplasty.