Efficacy and acceptability of music therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2342739. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2342739. Epub 2024 Apr 22.

Abstract

Background: Music therapy is increasingly examined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and shows potential in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis critically evaluates the current clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and acceptability of music therapy for PTSD.Method: RCTs comparing music therapy in addition to care as usual (CAU) versus either CAU alone or CAU combined with standard psychotherapy/pharmacotherapy for PTSD were retrieved from major English - and Chinese-language databases. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) for post-treatment PTSD symptom scores and risk differences (RDs) for retention rates upon treatment completion were calculated to assess the efficacy and acceptability of music therapy, respectively. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool 2.0 and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) were used to assess the RoB of included studies and certainty of the evidence, respectively.Results: Nine studies, incorporating 527 PTSD patients, were included, all with high RoB. The post-treatment PTSD symptom scores were significantly lower in the music therapy group than the inactive control group (SMD = -1.64, P < .001), but comparable between the music therapy group and the active control group (SMD = -0.28, P = .330). The retention rates did not differ significantly between the music therapy group and both control groups (RD = 0.03, P = .769; RD = 0.16, P = .829). The GRADE rated certainty level of evidence as low.Conclusions: Although meta-analytic findings suggest that music therapy is effective in reducing post-traumatic symptoms in individuals with PTSD, with its therapeutic effect comparable to that of standard psychotherapy, the low level of certainty limits its generalizability. More methodologically stringent studies are warranted to strengthen the clinical evidence for the efficacy and acceptability of music therapy for PTSD.

Antecedentes: La musicoterapia se examina cada vez más en ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y muestra potencial en el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT).

Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática y metanálisis evalúa críticamente la evidencia clínica actual que respalda la eficacia y aceptabilidad de la musicoterapia para el trastorno de estrés postraumático.

Método: Los ECA que compararon musicoterapia además de la atención habitual (CAU) versus CAU sola o CAU combinada con psicoterapia/farmacoterapia estándar para el trastorno de estrés postraumático se recuperaron de las principales bases de datos en inglés y chino. Se calcularon las diferencias de medias estandarizadas (DME) para las puntuaciones de los síntomas de TEPT post-tratamiento y las diferencias de riesgo (DR) para las tasas de retención al finalizar el tratamiento para evaluar la eficacia y aceptabilidad de la musicoterapia, respectivamente. Se utilizaron la herramienta Cochrane de riesgo de sesgo (RoB) 2.0 y la Clasificación de recomendaciones, evaluación, desarrollo y evaluaciones (GRADE) para evaluar el RoB de los estudios incluidos y la certeza de la evidencia, respectivamente.

Resultados: Se incluyeron nueve estudios que incorporaron 527 pacientes con PTSD, todos con RoB alto. Las puntuaciones de los síntomas de PTSD posteriores al tratamiento fueron significativamente más bajas en el grupo de musicoterapia que en el grupo de control inactivo (SMD = −1.64, P < .001), pero comparables entre el grupo de musicoterapia y el grupo de control activo (SMD = −0.28, P = .330). Las tasas de retención no difirieron significativamente entre el grupo de musicoterapia y ambos grupos de control (RD = 0.03, P = .769; RD = 0.16, P = .829). GRADE calificó el nivel de certeza de la evidencia como bajo.

Conclusiones: Aunque los hallazgos metanalíticos sugieren que la musicoterapia es eficaz para reducir los síntomas postraumáticos en personas con trastorno de estrés postraumático, con un efecto terapéutico comparable al de la psicoterapia estándar, el bajo nivel de certeza limita su generalización. Se necesitan estudios metodológicamente más estrictos para fortalecer la evidencia clínica sobre la eficacia y aceptabilidad de la musicoterapia para el trastorno de estrés postraumático.

背景:随机对照试验(RCTs)越来越多地应用于音乐疗法效果的考察,并显示出治疗创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的潜力。

目的:该系统综述和荟萃分析对现有的音乐疗法治疗 PTSD临床证据进行了批判性评价。

方法:从主要的英文和中文数据库中检索了将音乐疗法加入到常规治疗(CAU)中,并将其与单独的 CAU 或与标准心理治疗/药物治疗结合的 CAU 进行比较的 RCTs。为了评估音乐疗法的疗效和可接受性,我们计算了治疗末的 PTSD 症状评分的标准化均差(SMDs)和治疗完成后的患者保留率的风险差异(RDs)。使用 Cochrane偏倚风险(RoB)工具 2.0 和推荐意见分级的评估、制订及评价(GEADE)来分别评估纳入的研究的 RoB 和证据的确定性。

结果: 9项研究纳入研究, 包括527 名 PTSD 患者,所有的研究的 RoB 都很高。音乐疗法组的治疗后 PTSD 症状评分显著低于阴性对照组 (SMD = −1.64, P < .001),但是与阳性对照组相似 (SMD = −0.28, P = .330)。音乐疗法组和两个对照组的保留率差异不显著 (RD = 0.03, P = .769; RD = 0.16, P = .829)。GRADE评估证据的确定性级别为低。

结论:尽管本研究结果显示音乐疗法缓解 PTSD 患者的创伤后应激症状有效,其疗效与标准心理疗法相当,但该研究发现的可推广性却受限于其低级别的证据确定性。有必要开展更多的方法学严谨设计的研究,以增强音乐疗法对 PTSD 的疗效和可接受性的临床证据。

Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder; Trastorno de estrés postraumático; acceptability; aceptabilidad; efficacy; eficacia; meta-analysis; meta-análisis; music therapy; musicoterapia; 创伤后应激障碍; 可接受性; 疗效; 荟萃分析; 音乐疗法.

Plain language summary

This systematic review critically appraised the existing methodologically rigorous evidence for the efficacy and acceptability of music therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The post-treatment PTSD symptom scores were significantly lower in the music therapy group than the inactive control group and comparable between the music therapy group and the active control group.The post-treatment retention rates did not differ significantly between the music therapy group and both the inactive and active control groups.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Music Therapy*
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / therapy
  • Treatment Outcome

Grants and funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 71774060), 2015 Irma and Paul Milstein Program for Senior Health Awards from the Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation, the Young Top Talent Programme in Public Health from Health Commission of Hubei Province (PI: Zhong BL), and Wuhan Health and Family Planning Commission (grant number: WX17Q30; WG16A02; WG14C24). The funding source listed had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.