Low Estradiol Level and Endometrial Thickness on the Day of Endometrial Transformation Influence Clinical Pregnancy After Intrauterine Insemination

Qiaofei Tang; Honggan Yi; Siping Chen; Yantian Zheng; Yitao Wen; Man Yang

doi:10.2147/IJGM.S450912

Low Estradiol Level and Endometrial Thickness on the Day of Endometrial Transformation Influence Clinical Pregnancy After Intrauterine Insemination

Int J Gen Med. 2024 Apr 15:17:1441-1449. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S450912. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Qiaofei Tang^{1

2}, Honggan Yi^{1

2}, Siping Chen^{1

2}, Yantian Zheng^{1

2}, Yitao Wen^{1

2}, Man Yang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Reproductive Medicine Center, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.
² Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Background: The causes of pregnancy failure after intrauterine insemination (IUI) are controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on clinical pregnancy after IUI.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 1464 cycles of IUI performed at the Meizhou People's Hospital between March 2014 and June 2023. The χ² test and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between the some factors (maternal age, paternal age, cycle type (natural cycle or ovulation induction cycle), hormone level on the day of endometrial transformation (estradiol (E₂), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P)), endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation, and forward motile sperm concentration after treatment) and pregnancy failure.

Results: Among the 1464 IUI cycles in this study, 268 cycles of assisted reproduction resulted in clinical pregnancy, with a clinical pregnancy rate of 18.3%. During the cycles with clinical pregnancy, there were 25 (12.9%) preterm births and 169 (87.1%) full-term births. The E₂ level on the day of endometrial transformation in clinical pregnancy group was higher than that in the pregnancy failure group (658.79±656.02 vs 561.21±558.83 pg/mL)(P=0.025). The clinical pregnancy group had a higher percentage of endometrial thickness between 8 and 13mm on the day of endometrial transformation than the pregnancy failure group (83.2% vs 75.0%)(P=0.002). The results of regressions analysis showed that low E₂ level on the day of endometrial transformation (<238.3 pg/mL vs ≥238.3 pg/mL: OR 1.493, 95% CI: 1.086-2.052, P=0.014), and endometrial thickness <8mm on the day of endometrial transformation (<8mm vs 8-13mm: OR 1.886, 95% CI: 1.284-2.771, P=0.001) may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed IUI.

Conclusion: Low estradiol level, and endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed intrauterine insemination.

Keywords: endometrial thickness; estradiol; intrauterine insemination; pregnancy failure.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Science and Technology Program of Meizhou (Grant No.: 2019B0202001), and the Scientific Research Cultivation Project of Meizhou People’s Hospital (Grant No.: PY-C2021030).