Incorporating Social Determinants of Health into Patient Care Workflows Within a Health System Specialty Pharmacy

Justin Han; Michael Tilkens; Macary Weck Marciniak; Laura A Rhodes

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2024.102101

Incorporating Social Determinants of Health into Patient Care Workflows Within a Health System Specialty Pharmacy

J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2024 Apr 18:102101. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102101. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Justin Han¹, Michael Tilkens², Macary Weck Marciniak³, Laura A Rhodes⁴

Affiliations

¹ PGY2 Specialty Pharmacy Administration and Leadership Resident at University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; at the time of study, was PGY1 Community-based Pharmacy Resident, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and UNC Health Home Delivery and Specialty Pharmacy, Durham, NC.
² Consultant, Hospital and Health Systems for Visante Inc.; at the time of study, was Clinical Manager, UNC Health Specialty and Home Delivery Pharmacy, Durham, NC.
³ Associate Professor and Director, PGY1 Community-based Pharmacy Residency Program, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
⁴ Assistant Professor and Assistant Director, PGY1 Community-based Pharmacy Residency Program, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Electronic address: laura_rhodes@unc.edu.

PMID: 38642634
DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102101

Abstract

Background: The influence of adverse factors on social determinants of health (SDOH) and their impact on patient outcomes is widely recognized. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare professionals, can play a pivotal role in identifying and addressing SDOH concerns. Health system specialty pharmacies have consistently assisted patients in accessing expensive specialty medications and ensuring adherence to therapy. As such, they are uniquely positioned to address SDOH concerns of patients.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of incorporating standardized SDOH screening and referral methods into the patient care workflows of a health-system specialty pharmacy.

Practice description: The University of North Carolina Health Care (UNC Health) Specialty and Home Delivery Pharmacy is a health-system owned specialty pharmacy serving patients in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. It holds accreditations from the Utilization Review Accreditation Commission and Accreditation Commission for Health Care.

Practice innovation: A standardized SDOH screening and referral method was integrated into patient care workflows of a health-system specialty pharmacy. If SDOH concerns were identified upon screening by a specialty pharmacist, patients were referred to an entity within the health system responsible for connecting patients to local community resources to address their SDOH concerns.

Evaluation methods: The types of SDOH concerns, frequency of SDOH referrals, referral turnaround time, outcomes of the referrals, and patient demographics were evaluated to determine the impact of this project. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results.

Results: Sixty-nine patients were included (female: n=38, 55.1%; age (mean±SD: 48.9±16.3). Eighty-seven SDOH concerns were reported, 54 patients (78.3%) were connected to local resources upon referral, and the average turnaround time of referrals was 2.2 business days.

Conclusion: The findings of this pilot study highlight the effectiveness of incorporating SDOH screening and referral methods into specialty pharmacy workflows. Specialty pharmacies can successfully identify and address non-medical factors impacting patients.