Alternating projection combined with fast gradient projection (FGP-AP) method for intensity-only measurement optical diffraction tomography in LED array microscopy

Zewen Yang; Lu Zhang; Tong Liu; Huijun Wang; Zhiyuan Tang; Hong Zhao; Li Yuan; Zhenxi Zhang; Xiaolong Liu

doi:10.1364/BOE.518955

Alternating projection combined with fast gradient projection (FGP-AP) method for intensity-only measurement optical diffraction tomography in LED array microscopy

Biomed Opt Express. 2024 Mar 20;15(4):2524-2542. doi: 10.1364/BOE.518955. eCollection 2024 Apr 1.

Authors

Zewen Yang¹, Lu Zhang^{1

2}, Tong Liu¹, Huijun Wang¹, Zhiyuan Tang³, Hong Zhao^{1

2}, Li Yuan⁴, Zhenxi Zhang⁵, Xiaolong Liu⁶

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
² School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
³ Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
⁴ First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710049, China.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
⁶ Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Provincey, Fuzhou 350025, China.

Abstract

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a powerful label-free measurement tool that can quantitatively image the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) distribution of samples. However, the inherent "missing cone problem," limited illumination angles, and dependence on intensity-only measurements in a simplified imaging setup can all lead to insufficient information mapping in the Fourier domain, affecting 3D reconstruction results. In this paper, we propose the alternating projection combined with the fast gradient projection (FGP-AP) method to compensate for the above problem, which effectively reconstructs the 3D RI distribution of samples using intensity-only images captured from LED array microscopy. The FGP-AP method employs the alternating projection (AP) algorithm for gradient descent and the fast gradient projection (FGP) algorithm for regularization constraints. This approach is equivalent to incorporating prior knowledge of sample non-negativity and smoothness into the 3D reconstruction process. Simulations demonstrate that the FGP-AP method improves reconstruction quality compared to the original AP method, particularly in the presence of noise. Experimental results, obtained from mouse kidney cells and label-free blood cells, further affirm the superior 3D imaging efficacy of the FGP-AP method.