Objective: To explore the effectiveness of using antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation technology as a primary treatment for Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures.
Methods: The clinical data of 24 patients with Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures who were admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 18 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 65 years with an average age of 45.8 years. There were 3 cases of proximal tibial fracture, 6 cases of middle tibial fracture, 15 cases of distal tibial fracture, and 21 cases of fibular fracture. The time from injury to emergency surgery ranged from 3 to 12 hours, with an average of 5.3 hours. All patients had soft tissue defects ranging from 10 cm×5 cm to 32 cm×15 cm. The time from injury to skin flap transplantation for wound coverage ranged from 1 to 7 days, with an average of 4.1 days, and the size of skin flap ranged from 10 cm×5 cm to 33 cm×15 cm. Ten patients had bone defects with length of 2-12 cm (mean, 7.1 cm). After emergency debridement, the tibial fracture end was fixed with antibiotic bone cement-coated plates, and the bone defect area was filled with antibiotic bone cement. Within 7 days, the wound was covered with a free flap, and the bone cement was replaced while performing definitive internal fixation of the fracture. In 10 patients with bone defect, all the bone cement was removed and the bone defect area was grafted after 7-32 weeks (mean, 11.8 weeks). The flap survival, wound healing of the affected limb, complications, and bone healing were observed after operation, and the quality of life was evaluated according to the short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36 scale) [including physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores] at 1 month, 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up.
Results: All 24 patients were followed up 14-38 months (mean, 21.6 months). All the affected limbs were successfully salvaged and all the transplanted flaps survived. One case had scar hyperplasia in the flap donor site, and 1 case had hypoesthesia (grade S3) of the skin around the scar. There were 2 cases of infection in the recipient area of the leg, one of which was superficial infection after primary flap transplantation and healed after debridement, and the other was sinus formation after secondary bone grafting and was debrided again 3 months later and treated with Ilizarov osteotomy, and healed 8 months later. The bone healing time of the remaining 23 patients ranged from 4 to 9 months, with an average of 6.1 months. The scores of PCS were 44.4±6.5, 68.3±8.3, 80.4±6.9, and the scores of MCS were 59.2±8.2, 79.5±7.8, 90.0±6.6 at 1 month, 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up, respectively. The differences were significant between different time points ( P<0.05).
Conclusion: Antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation can be used in the primary treatment of Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures, and has the advantages of reduce the risk of infection in fracture fixation, reducing complications, and accelerating the functional recovery of patients.
目的: 探讨应用表面覆盖抗生素骨水泥的钢板内固定技术一期治疗Gustilo ⅢB型胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效。.
方法: 回顾分析2018年1月—2021年12月收治且符合选择标准的24例Gustilo ⅢB型胫腓骨开放性骨折患者临床资料。其中男18例，女6例；年龄25～65岁，平均45.8岁。胫骨近端骨折3例，中段骨折6例，远端骨折15例；腓骨骨折21例。受伤至急诊手术时间3～12 h，平均5.3 h。患者均存在软组织缺损，缺损范围10 cm×5 cm～32 cm×15 cm。受伤至皮瓣移植覆盖创面时间为1～7 d，平均4.1 d；皮瓣切取范围10 cm×5 cm～33 cm×15 cm。10例患者有骨缺损，骨缺损长度2～12 cm，平均7.1 cm。所有患者急诊清创后用表面覆盖抗生素骨水泥的钢板固定胫骨断端，骨缺损区填塞抗生素骨水泥，7 d内游离皮瓣覆盖创面，更换骨水泥同时进行骨折确定性内固定。骨缺损患者于7～32周，平均11.8周取出所有骨水泥，骨缺损区植骨。术后观察皮瓣成活情况、患肢伤口愈合、并发症及骨愈合情况；术后1、6个月及末次随访时根据简明健康调查量表（SF-36量表）［包括躯体健康总得分（PCS）、心理健康总得分（MCS）］评价生活质量。.
结果: 24例患者均获随访，随访时间14～38个月，平均21.6个月。患肢均保肢成功，移植皮瓣全部成活。皮瓣供区发生瘢痕增生1例，瘢痕周围皮肤感觉减退（S3级）1例。小腿受区发生感染2例，其中1例为一期皮瓣移植后伤口浅表感染，经再次清创后愈合；1例为二期植骨后骨感染形成窦道，3个月后再次清创行Ilizarov截骨搬运治疗后8个月骨愈合。余23例患者骨愈合时间为4～9个月，平均6.1个月。术后1、6个月及末次随访时PCS评分分别为（44.4±6.5）、（68.3±8.3）、（80.4±6.9）分，MCS评分分别为（59.2±8.2）、（79.5±7.8）、（90.0±6.6）分，均呈逐步升高趋势，各时间点间差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。.
结论: 表面覆盖抗生素骨水泥的钢板内固定技术用于一期治疗Gustilo ⅢB型胫腓骨开放性骨折，可降低骨折内固定感染风险，具有减少并发症及患者功能恢复快的优势。.
Keywords: Tibiofibular open fractures; antibiotic bone cement; bone transplantation; internal fixation.