Trends in hospitalisation for urinary tract infection in adults aged 18-65 by sex in Spain: 2000 to 2015

PLoS One. 2024 Apr 16;19(4):e0298931. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298931. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Objective: To analyse trends in urinary tract infection (UTIs) hospitalisation among patients adults 18-65 aged in Spain from 2000-2015.

Methods: Retrospective observational study using the Spanish Hospitalisation Minimum Data Set (CMBD), with codifications by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Variables: Type of UTIs (pyelonephritis, prostatitis, cystitis and non-specific-UTIs), sex, age (in 5 categories: 18-49 and 50-64 years in men, and 18-44, 45-55 and 56-64 years in women), comorbidity, length of stay, costs and mortality associated with admission. The incidence of hospitalisation was studied according to sex, age group and type of UTIs per 100,000. Trends were identified using Joinpoint regression.

Results: From 2000-2015, we found 259,804 hospitalisations for UTIs (51.6% pyelonephritis, 7.5% prostatitis, 0.6% cystitis and 40.3% non-specific UTIs). Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The hospital stay and the average cost (2,160 EUR (IQR 1,7872,540 were greater in men. Overall mortality (0.4%) was greater in non-specific UTIs. More women were admitted (rates of 79.4 to 81.7) than in men (30.2 to 41). The greatest increase was found in men aged 50-64 years (from 59.3 to 87). In the Joinpoint analysis, the incidence of pyelonephritis increased in women [AAPC 2.5(CI 95% 1.6;3.4)], and non-specific UTIs decreased [AAPC -2.2(CI 95% -3.3;-1.2)]. Pyelonephritis decreased in men [AAPC -0.5 (CI 95% -1.5;0.5)] and non-specific UTIs increased [AAPC 2.3 (CI 95% 1.9;2.6)] and prostatitis increased [AAPC 2.6 (CI 95% 1.4;3.7)].

Conclusions: The urinary infection-related hospitalisation rate in adults in Spain increased during the period 2000-2015. Pyelonephritis predominated in women and non-specific UTIs in men. The highest hospitalisation rates occurred in the women but the greatest increase was found in men aged 65-74. The lenght of stay and cost were higher in men.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cystitis*
  • Female
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Prostatitis*
  • Pyelonephritis*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Urinary Tract Infections* / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This study is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through project PI19/01700 and RD21/0016/0027, co-funded by the European Union through funds from the European Recovery Instrument ("Next Generation EU"), in the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript".