Bioinspired Synthesis of Zinc Molybdate Nanoparticles: An Efficient Material for Growth Inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Dye Remediation

Sanjeev Machindra Reddy; Smita Badur Karmankar; Hayat Ali Alzahrani; Arti Hadap; Amjad Iqbal; Rawaf Alenazy; Mounir M Salem-Bekhit; Bhawana Jain

doi:10.1155/2023/1287325

Bioinspired Synthesis of Zinc Molybdate Nanoparticles: An Efficient Material for Growth Inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Dye Remediation

Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2023 May 18:2023:1287325. doi: 10.1155/2023/1287325. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Sanjeev Machindra Reddy¹, Smita Badur Karmankar², Hayat Ali Alzahrani³, Arti Hadap⁴, Amjad Iqbal⁵, Rawaf Alenazy⁶, Mounir M Salem-Bekhit⁷, Bhawana Jain⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Gramin (Arts,Commerce & Science) Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar (M.S.) 431 715, Kotgyal, India.
² Department of Chemistry, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering and Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452012, India.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Mukesh Patel School of Technology,Management & Engineering, NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
⁵ Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Govt. V.Y.T.PG. Autonomous College, Durg 491001, India.

Abstract

Zinc molybdate nanoparticles with molybdate are synthesized through green method with different salt precursors using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Those nanoparticles had structural, vibrational, and morphological properties, which were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystalline size of synthesized zinc molybdate was 24.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) clearly showed the attachment of molybdate with ZnO. The synthesized nanomaterial was also characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy which had 4.40 eV band gap energy. Those nanoparticles were also characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) and photoluminance spectroscopy (PL). ZnMoO₄ had photocatalytic property via methylene blue dye. After 190 minutes, the dye changed to colourless from blue colour. The degradation efficiency was around 92.8%. It also showed their antibacterial effect via Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus bacterial strains. In the presence of light and air, nanoparticles of ZnMoO₄ inhibit the growth of cells of E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains because of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation. Because of the formation of singlet oxygen (O₂^∗-), hydrogen oxide radical (-OH^∗), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ZnMoO₄ showed photodegradation reaction against aq. solution of methylene blue dye at 6 pH with constant time interval. With time, the activity of ZnMoO₄ also decreased because of the generation of a layer of hydrogen oxide (-OH) on nanomaterial surface, which could be washed with ethanol and distilled water. After drying, the catalytic Zinc molybdate nanoparticles could be reused again in the next catalytic reaction.