Investigation on the insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts as an alternative source for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sharanappa C H; Bheemanna M; Prabhuraj A; Harischandra R Naik; Nagaraj M Naik; Saroja N Rao; Ihab Mohamed Moussa; Roua A Alsubki; Fazal Ullah; Hosam O Elansary; Kariyanna B

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29060

Investigation on the insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts as an alternative source for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Heliyon. 2024 Apr 3;10(7):e29060. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29060. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.

Authors

Sharanappa C H^{1

2}, Bheemanna M¹, Prabhuraj A¹, Harischandra R Naik¹, Nagaraj M Naik¹, Saroja N Rao¹, Ihab Mohamed Moussa³, Roua A Alsubki⁴, Fazal Ullah⁵, Hosam O Elansary⁶, Kariyanna B^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
² School of Agricultural Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India.
³ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
⁶ Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.

Abstract

The Spodoptera frugiperda is a notorious pest with a broad host range. It severely damages crops, mainly in areas of the globewhere maize and sorghum are grown. The pest is difficult to control due to its adaptive nature and resistance to several insecticides available in the market. So, an identification of the alternative strategy is the prime important in the present context. Insecticidal activities of cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated in the laboratory as a biocomponent against S. frugiperda. The crude extracts of Nostoc muscorum and Spirulina sp. were prepared by using ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether solvents. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction. S. frugiperda larvae in their second instar were given access to fragments of maize leaf that had been treated with various cyanobacterial extracts. The findings displayed that the petroleum ether extract of N. muscorum had the lowest LC50 value of 155.22 ppm, followed by petroleum ether extracts of Spirulina, ethanol extract of N. Muscorum, methanol extract of N. muscorum, ethanol and methanol extract of Spirulina with an LC₅₀ values of 456.02, 710, 780, 1050 and 1070 ppm respectively. Later, the effect of LC₅₀ values on many biological parameters like the larval duration and pupal stages, the percentage of pupation, the weight of the pupal stage, the malformation of the pupal and adult stages, adult emergence percentage, fertility and the longevity of the male and female adult stages of S. frugiperda was examined. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the crude extract to identify the bioactive components that were responsible for the insecticidal properties. The major compounds detected were diethyl phthalate (19.87 %), tetradecane (5.03%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (4.10 %), dodecane (4.03%), octadecane (3.72%), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3.40 %), ethyl oleate (3.11 %), methyl ester. octadecenoic acid (3.04 %), heptadecane (3.04 %) and phytol (3.02 %). The presence of several bioactive chemicals in the cyanobacterial extracts may be the reason for their insecticidal actions, thus it can be used as an alternative and new source to combat fall armyworm and other crop pests.

Keywords: Cyanobacterial; Fall armyworm; GC-MS; Nostoc muscorum; Spirulina sp. LC50.