Marine-derived Ca-Mg complex influences lipid and glucose metabolism, serum metabolites, colostrum profile, and stress hormone in sows over four-parity periods

Sungbo Cho; Santi Devi Upadhaya; Woo Jeong Seok; Seyoung Mun; Haeun Lee; Rudolf H van der Veen; Kyudong Han; In Ho Kim

doi:10.5187/jast.2023.e116

Marine-derived Ca-Mg complex influences lipid and glucose metabolism, serum metabolites, colostrum profile, and stress hormone in sows over four-parity periods

J Anim Sci Technol. 2023 Nov;65(6):1308-1322. doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e116. Epub 2023 Nov 30.

Authors

Sungbo Cho¹, Santi Devi Upadhaya¹, Woo Jeong Seok¹, Seyoung Mun², Haeun Lee³, Rudolf H van der Veen⁴, Kyudong Han^{2

5}, In Ho Kim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
² Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
³ Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon 16890, Korea.
⁴ Celtic Sea Minerals, Strand Farm, Carrigaline, County Cork P43 NN62, Ireland.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.

Abstract

Minerals is required small amounts among various nutrients, but it has a significant impact on sow longevity and reproduction performance. This study was carried out to see the beneficial effects of marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during four-parity periods. Seventy-two gilts ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc), with an average body weight of 181 kg, were randomly allocated to three groups; CON (basal diet), 0.3LC (CON - MgO - 0.3% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and 0.7LC (CON - MgO - 0.7% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex). During parity 3 and 4, the expression level of SCD gene was lower in the umbilical cord of piglets born to 0.3LC and 0.7LC sows compared with the CON sows. During parity 2, 3 and 4, SLC2A2 and FABP4 gene expressions were higher in the umbilical cord of piglets born to 0.7LC sows and the placenta of sows from 0.3LC groups, respectively. Ca-Mg complex increased (p < 0.05) Ca and Mg concentrations in sows and their piglets' serum as well as in colostrum regardless of parities. The serum vitamin D concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in their first parity, whereas serum prolactin and estrogen concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) during the fourth and third parity, respectively. The growth hormone concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in the piglets born to sows during the first and second parity. The fat and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations in colostrum were higher (p < 0.05) during the third and fourth parity, respectively. A reduction (p < 0.05) in salivary cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations was observed in 0.3LC and 0.7LC sow groups compared with CON after farrowing regardless of parity, however before farrowing, a reduction in norepinephrine was observed. Before farrowing, the epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) during the first and second parity. After farrowing, the concentration of these hormones was higher during the second parity. Taken together, sows' parity and dietary Ca-Mg complex supplementation influenced serum metabolites, colostrum nutrients, stress hormones as well as the gene expressions related to lipid and glucose metabolism.

Keywords: Ca-Mg complex; Gene expression; Hormones and serum metabolites; Parity; Sow.