Fast Coincidence Filter for Silicon Photomultiplier Dark Count Rate Rejection

Sensors (Basel). 2024 Mar 25;24(7):2084. doi: 10.3390/s24072084.

Abstract

Silicon Photomultipliers find applications across various fields. One potential Silicon Photomultiplier application domain is neutrino telescopes, where they may enhance the angular resolution. However, the elevated dark count rate associated with Silicon Photomultipliers represents a significant challenge to their widespread utilization. To address this issue, it is proposed to use Silicon Photomultipliers and Photomultiplier Tubes together. The Photomultiplier Tube signals serve as a trigger to mitigate the dark count rate, thereby preventing undue saturation of the available bandwidth. This paper presents an investigation into a fast and resource-efficient method for filtering the Silicon Photomultiplier dark count rate. A low-resource and fast coincident filter has been developed, which removes the Silicon Photomultiplier dark count rate by using as a trigger the Photomultiplier Tube input signals. The architecture of the coincidence filter, together with the first results obtained, which validate the effectiveness of this method, is presented.

Keywords: dark noise rate filtering; neutrino telescopes; silicon photomultipliers; time-to-digital converters.

Grants and funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the MCIN for PID2021-124591NBC41, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, for ASFAE/2022 /023, with funding from the EU NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I01), Generalitat Valenciana, and for CSIC-INFRA23013, Generalitat Valenciana for PROMETEO/2020/019, for CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2020/049, /2021/23, Spain.