Multiple Na+ transport pathways and interfacial compatibility enable high-capacity, room-temperature quasi-solid sodium batteries

Yueqing Li; Bixia Wei; Jing Yu; Dengjie Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.047

Multiple Na⁺ transport pathways and interfacial compatibility enable high-capacity, room-temperature quasi-solid sodium batteries

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Jul 15:666:447-456. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.047. Epub 2024 Apr 9.

Authors

Yueqing Li¹, Bixia Wei², Jing Yu³, Dengjie Chen⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
² College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
³ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China. Electronic address: jyuao@connect.ust.hk.
⁴ College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: dengjie.chen@jnu.edu.cn.

PMID: 38608639
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.047

Abstract

Sodium-metal batteries (SMBs) are ideal for large-scale energy storage due to their stable operation and high capacity. However, they have safety issues caused by severe dendrite growth and side reactions, particularly when using liquid electrolytes. Therefore, it is critically important to develop electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and improved safety that are non-flammable and resistant to dendrites. Here, we developed polymerized polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-modified poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) electrolytes (PPEs) with highly conductive sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and corrosion-inhibitive sodium bis(oxalato)borate salts for SMBs. Well-complexed PEGDA not only increases the amorphicity of the PVDF matrix, but also offers numerous Lewis basic sites through the polar groups of carbonyl and ether groups (i.e., electron donors). The presence of the Lewis basic sites facilitates the dissociation of sodium salt and transportation of Na⁺ within the PVDF matrix. This results in the generation of additional Na⁺ transport pathways, which can enhance the performance of the battery. Among PPEs, the optimized PPE-50 exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 3.42 × 10^-4 S cm^-1 and a mechanical strength of 14.0 MPa. A Na||Na symmetric cell with PPE-50 displays high stability at 0.2 mA cm^-2 for 800 h. PPE-50 further displays high capacity, e.g., a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃|PPE-50|Na battery delivers a decent discharge capacity of 101.5 mAh g^-1 at 1.0C after 650 cycles. Our work demonstrates the development of high-performance quasi-solid polymer electrolytes with multiple transport pathways suitable for room-temperature SMBs.

Keywords: Interface compatibility; Ion-transport pathways; Ionic conductivity; PEGDA; Sodium-metal battery.