More than 70% of tumor patients require radiotherapy. Medical electron linear accelerators are important high-end radiotherapy equipment for tumor radiotherapy. With the application of artificial intelligence technology in medical electron linear accelerator, radiotherapy has evolved from ordinary radiotherapy to today's intelligent radiotherapy. This study introduces the development history, working principles and system composition of medical electron linear accelerators. It outlines the key technologies for improving the performance of medical linear electron accelerators, including beam control, multi-leaf collimator, guiding technology and dose evaluation. It also looks forward to the development trend of major radiotherapy technologies, such as biological guided radiotherapy, FLASH radiotherapy and intelligent radiotherapy, which provides references for the development of medical electron linear accelerators.
70%以上的肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗，而医用电子直线加速器是肿瘤放射治疗的重要高端放疗设备。随着现代人工智能技术在医用电子直线加速器中的应用，放疗技术已从当初的普通放疗发展为如今的智慧放疗。该研究描述了医用电子直线加速器的发展历程、工作原理与系统构成，概述了束流调控、多叶光栅、引导定位技术、剂量测评等医用电子直线加速器关键技术，并展望了生物引导放疗、FLASH闪疗、智慧放疗等前沿放疗技术的发展趋势，为医用电子直线加速器的技术发展提供参考。.
Keywords: FLASH radiotherapy; intelligent radiotherapy; medical electron linear accelerator; radiotherapy.