Association between obesity and cancer risk in HIV-infected Asians

Yoonyoung Jang; Taehwa Kim; Yunsu Choi; Kyoung Hwan Ahn; Jung Ho Kim; Hye Seong; Youn Jeong Kim; Shin-Woo Kim; Jun Yong Choi; Hyo Youl Kim; Joon Young Song; Hee Jung Choi; Sang Il Kim; Jang Wook Sohn; BumSik Chin; Bo-Youl Choi; Boyoung Park

doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000003904

Association between obesity and cancer risk in HIV-infected Asians

AIDS. 2024 Apr 10. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003904. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yoonyoung Jang^{1

2}, Taehwa Kim^{1

3}, Yunsu Choi¹, Kyoung Hwan Ahn¹, Jung Ho Kim⁴, Hye Seong⁵, Youn Jeong Kim⁶, Shin-Woo Kim⁷, Jun Yong Choi⁴, Hyo Youl Kim⁸, Joon Young Song⁵, Hee Jung Choi⁹, Sang Il Kim¹⁰, Jang Wook Sohn⁵, BumSik Chin¹¹, Bo-Youl Choi¹, Boyoung Park¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
² Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
³ Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁵ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁶ Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
⁸ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁰ Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
¹¹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

PMID: 38597513
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003904

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and cancer risk as well as site-specific cancer risks in adults with HIV using a nationwide health screening database in Korea.

Methods: Of the 16,671 adults with a new diagnosis of HIV from 2004 to 2020, 456 incident cancer cases and 1,814 individually matched controls by sex, year of birth, year of HIV diagnosis, and follow-up duration (1:4 ratio) were included in this nested case-control study. The association between obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 ) and cancer risks was estimated and presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Of the 456 cancer incident cases, there were 146 AIDS-defining cancer cases and 310 non-AIDS-defining cancer cases. Compared with non-obese adults with HIV, obese adults with HIV were at higher risk of non-AIDS-defining cancer (OR = 1.478, 95% CI = 1.118-1.955). Otherwise, the overall risk of AIDS-defining cancer (OR = 0.816, 95% CI = 0.520-1.279) and each type of AIDS-defining cancer (Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) were not high in obese adults with HIV. Of the specific types of non-AIDS-defining cancers, obesity was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 3.090, 95% CI = 1.110-8.604) and liver, bile duct, and pancreatic cancers (OR = 2.532, 95% CI = 1.141-5.617).

Conclusions: Obesity, which is one of the important health concerns in HIV management, was associated with an increased risk of non-AIDS-defining cancer but not AIDS-defining cancer.