Objective: To understand the health status, influencing factors and spatial distribution of the Chinese floating population and to evaluate the health equity of the floating population.
Methods: All the data were collected from the 2017 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey in China, binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that might affect the health of the floating population, and the concentration index method was used to evaluate the health equity of the floating population. Spatial autocorrelation analyses the spatial aggregation of health status and health equity.
Results: The unhealthy rate of the floating population in China was 2.71%. Age and gender show a statistically significant impact on self-rated health; that is, as age increases, the self-rated health of the migrant population gradually deteriorates, and women are more likely to think that they are unhealthy. Fairness analysis shows that the concentration index of the floating population is 0.021 7, the urban household registration floating population is 0.021 6, and the rural household registration floating population is 0.021 9. It is shown that the fairness of the health status of the floating population is biased towards the high-income class, and the rural household registration floating population' s health unfairness is greater than that of the urban household registration migration population. Moreover, Moran' s i=0.211 for self-rated health and Moran' s i=0.291 for the unhealthy rate indicate that self-rated health has a spatial aggregation trend. Moran' s i=0.136 showed the characteristics of spatial clustering, and the two-week prevalence fairness of the floating population was mainly in the northern and southeastern coastal areas.
Conclusion: In general, the health status of the floating population in China is relatively good. The main influencing factors of health included gender and age. The central tendency of health inequity is reflected in the southeast coastal and northern regions, which are characterized by poverty. Attention to spatial aggregation is not only helpful to analyze the reasons of floating population, but also to study the health differences between different regions and health-related factors, to improve the overall health level of the whole population.
目的: 了解中国流动人口健康状况及其空间分布和影响因素，评价健康公平性。
方法: 使用2017年国家流动人口动态监测数据，采用二分类Logistic回归分析流动人口健康状况影响因素，采用集中指数法分析流动人口健康公平性，采用空间自相关法分析健康状况和健康公平性的空间聚集。
结果: 中国流动人口不健康率为2.71%。年龄和性别对自评健康有显著影响，即随着年龄的增长，流动人口的自评健康逐渐变差，同时女性更容易认为自己不健康。公平性分析显示流动人口的集中指数为0.021 7，城市户籍流动人口为0.021 6，农村户籍流动人口为0.021 9，表明流动人口健康状况公平性偏向高收入阶层，农村户籍流动人口健康不公平程度大于城市户籍流动人口。自评健康全局Moran’ s i=0.211，不健康率全局Moran’ s i=0.291，表明自评健康有空间聚集趋势。流动人口两周患病率公平性Moran’ s i=0.136, 显示出空间聚集特征，且以北部和东南沿海地区为主。
结论: 总体上中国流动人口健康状况较好，健康影响因素包括性别、年龄，健康不公平的集中趋势体现在东南沿海和北部地区，具有倾贫性特征。
Keywords: Floating population; Health equity; Influencing factors; Spatial differences.