A Review of Stem Cell Attributes Derived from the Oral Cavity

Marina Miteva; Zornitsa Mihaylova; Vanyo Mitev; Evgeniy Aleksiev; Pavel Stanimirov; Maria Praskova; Violeta S Dimitrova; Anelia Vasileva; Bogdan Calenic; Ileana Constantinescu; Paula Perlea; Nikolay Ishkitiev

doi:10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.008

A Review of Stem Cell Attributes Derived from the Oral Cavity

Int Dent J. 2024 Apr 5:S0020-6539(24)00093-5. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.008. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria.
² Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria.
³ Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: bogdan.calenic@umfcd.ro.
⁴ Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania.
⁵ Department of Endodontics, UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: paulaperlea@gmail.com.

PMID: 38582718
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.008

Abstract

Oral cavity stem cells (OCSCs) have been the focus of intense scientific efforts due to their accessibility and stem cell properties. The present work aims to compare the different characteristics of 6 types of dental stem cells derived from the oral cavity: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC). Using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we analysed the cells for stem cell, differentiation, adhesion, and extracellular matrix markers; the ability to proliferate in vitro; and multilineage differentiation potential. Markers such as vimentin, CD44, alkaline phosphatase, CD146, CD271, CD49f, Oct 3/4, Sox 9, FGF7, nestin, and BMP4 showed significant differences in expression levels, highlighting the heterogeneity and unique characteristics of each cell type. At the same time, we confirmed that all cell types successfully differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipose lineages, with different readiness. In conclusion, our study reveals the distinct properties and potential applications of various dental-derived stem cells. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of OCSCs and their significance in future clinical applications.

Keywords: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Dental pulp stem cells; Gingival mesenchymal stem cells; Periodontal ligament cells; Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth; Stem cells from the apical papilla.