Attitudes and Stigma Toward Seeking Psychological Help Among the General Population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Mohammed A Aljuhnie; Abdullah S Alharbi; Omar F Alharbi; Asim A Saati; Fahad A Alshumrani; Abdullah E Alharbi; Raghad F Hazazi; Mohammad S Alharbi; Mokhtar Shatla

doi:10.7759/cureus.55492

Attitudes and Stigma Toward Seeking Psychological Help Among the General Population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Cureus. 2024 Mar 4;16(3):e55492. doi: 10.7759/cureus.55492. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Mohammed A Aljuhnie¹, Abdullah S Alharbi¹, Omar F Alharbi¹, Asim A Saati¹, Fahad A Alshumrani¹, Abdullah E Alharbi¹, Raghad F Hazazi², Mohammad S Alharbi³, Mokhtar Shatla⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
² Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
³ Infectious Disease Control Department, Saudi Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU.
⁴ Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.

Abstract

Background and objective Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health conditions globally, and, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 25% of people worldwide suffer from them. Serious mental diseases can cause a great deal of suffering and incapacity, lowering people's quality of life. Stigma and unfavorable attitudes toward mental illness often discourage people from seeking psychological assistance and achieving recovery from mental problems. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the attitudes of the general population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, toward seeking psychological help, and to determine the degree to which stigma prevents individuals from seeking help. Methods An online, self-administered survey was distributed via social media platforms among the general population of Makkah between September and December 2023. Males and females over the age of 18 years living in Makkah were included. The exclusion criteria were participants who declined to participate in the study or those who were below 18 years of age. Results A total of 495 eligible participants completed the study survey. Of them, 378 (76.4%) were female, and most (390, 78.8%) were Saudi Arabian nationals. A total of 341 (68.9%) participants had symptoms of anxiety, and 319 (64.4%) had symptoms of depression. Regarding unfavorable attitudes, the scores were significantly higher among participants over 40 years of age (1.81 ± 0.46; p<0.05) and those with relatively low levels of education (1.93 ± 0.65; p<0.05). As for stigma, the scores were significantly higher among male participants (2.38 ± 0.83; p<0.05) and those with low levels of education (2.54 ± 0.8; p<0.05). Conclusion A significant negative correlation between participants' attitudes toward seeking psychological help and stigma was observed. However, in contrast, the psychological symptom scores did not significantly correlate with the participants' attitudes. Stigma scores showed significant positive correlations with depression and overall symptom scores. This research showed that stigma has a significant impact on attitudes toward help-seeking.

Keywords: help-seeking attitudes; makkah region; mental health stigma; saudi arabia; seeking psychological help.