Depressed fractures of the skull due to direct kick and the contribution of 3D CT reconstruction

Abstract

Depressed skull fractures occur when broken bones displace inward, meaning that a portion of the outer table of the fracture line lies below the normal anatomical position of the inner table. They typically result from force trauma, when the skull is struck by an object with a moderately large amount of kinetic energy but a small surface area, or when an object with a large amount of kinetic energy impacts only a small area of the skull. In the present case, a depressed fracture of the frontal bone was detected at the autopsy of a 52-year-old man who, according to the belated confession of the assailant, was kicked in the head. The assailant was wearing sneakers. Could such a fracture be caused "just" by a kick? In this case it was possible due to an extraordinarily thin cranial vault (0.2 cm frontal, 0.3 cm occipital), which allowed the fractures to occur from a kinetic force that might not have been sufficient with a normal cranial vault thickness. An important role in the forensic analysis of the case was played by the 3D CT reconstruction.

Keywords: 3D CT reconstruction; Cranial fractures; Depressed skull fractures; Forensic pathology; Kick.