Differences in the Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Irisin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Atefe Torabi; Jalil Reisi; Mehdi Kargarfard; Marjan Mansourian

doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23

Differences in the Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Irisin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Int J Prev Med. 2024 Feb 29:15:11. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Atefe Torabi¹, Jalil Reisi¹, Mehdi Kargarfard¹, Marjan Mansourian²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
² Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Irisin, a myokine that is responsive to exercise, induces significant changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. By promoting the browning of white fat tissue, it enhances energy expenditure, thereby addressing overweight and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of different types of physical exercises on irisin levels in overweight and obese adults.

Methods: Specifically, the review focused on studies involving obese or overweight individuals who participated in exercise training for a minimum of 8 weeks, with measured and reported changes in serum irisin levels compared to a control group. Data were collected from four databases (Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Begg and Egger tests, and the results were synthesized.

Results: Initial searches identified 560 titles, out of which only seven met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in serum irisin concentration (SMD = 0.957, P = 0.005) among obese and overweight individuals who engaged in exercise, compared to the passive control group. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = 1.229, P < 0.001) had a more pronounced effect on increasing serum irisin levels than other exercise protocols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of exercise varied based on the participants' weight status (significant changes for overweight individuals; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for obese individuals; P = 0.1), age (significant changes for those under 40 years old; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for those over 40 years old; P = 0.322), and gender (significant changes for men; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for women; P = 0.285).

Conclusions: Consequently, exercise can elevate serum irisin levels, leading to alterations in adipose tissue phenotype and thermogenesis, ultimately contributing to weight reduction in obese and overweight individuals.

Keywords: Aerobic exercise; high-intensity interval training; myokine; obesity; overweight; resistance training.

Publication types

Review