Prognostic significance of β2-microglobulin decline index in multiple myeloma

Tianyu Zhang; Zhili Lin; Ziwei Zheng; Quanqiang Wang; Shujuan Zhou; Bingxin Zhang; Dong Zheng; Zixing Chen; Sisi Zheng; Yu Zhang; Xuanru Lin; Rujiao Dong; Jingjing Chen; Honglan Qian; Xudong Hu; Yan Zhuang; Qianying Zhang; Zhouxiang Jin; Songfu Jiang; Yongyong Ma

doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1322680

Prognostic significance of β2-microglobulin decline index in multiple myeloma

Front Oncol. 2024 Mar 18:14:1322680. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1322680. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Tianyu Zhang^{1

2}, Zhili Lin¹, Ziwei Zheng¹, Quanqiang Wang¹, Shujuan Zhou¹, Bingxin Zhang¹, Dong Zheng¹, Zixing Chen³, Sisi Zheng¹, Yu Zhang¹, Xuanru Lin¹, Rujiao Dong¹, Jingjing Chen¹, Honglan Qian¹, Xudong Hu¹, Yan Zhuang¹, Qianying Zhang¹, Zhouxiang Jin³, Songfu Jiang¹, Yongyong Ma^{1

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
² Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
³ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
⁴ The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
⁵ The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the prognostic significance of β2-microglobulin decline index (β2M DI) in multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: 150 MM patients diagnosed with MM were enrolled in this study. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the uni- and multivariate prognosis in training cohort (n=105). A new combined prognostic model containing β2M DI was built up based on the data in training cohort. The validation group was used to verify the model.

Results: β2M DI showed significant correlation with prognosis in both uni- and multivariate analyses and had a good correlation with complete response (CR) rate and deep remission rate. The ROC and calibration curves in validation cohort (n=45) indicated a good predictive performance of the new model. Based on the median risk score of the training group, we classified patients into high- and low- risk groups. In both training and validation groups, patients in the low-risk group had longer overall survival (OS) time than that in the high-risk group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: β2M DI is a good predictive index for predicting treatment response and survival time in MM patients. The prognostic model added with β2M DI showed a better correlation with OS.

Keywords: multiple myeloma; prognostic model; the revised international staging system; β2-microglobulin; β2-microglobulin descending index.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation (grant nos.82270212), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province (grant nos. LY20H080003) and the Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (grant nos. Y20220716), and Discipline Cluster of Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, China(NO.z2-2023023).