Combination of prostate volume and apparent diffusion coefficient can stratify patients with a PI-RADS score of 3 to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, there are many patients who undergo unnecessary prostate biopsies after receiving a prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score of 3. Our purpose is to identify cutoff values of the prostate volume (PV) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC_min) to stratify those patients to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.

Methods: Data from 224 qualified patients who received prostate biopsies from January 2019 to June 2023 were collected. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare non-normal distributed continuous variables, which were recorded as median (interquartile ranges). The correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Categorical variables are recorded by numbers (percentages) and compared by χ² test. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent predictors. The receiver-operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of clinical variables.

Results: Out of a total of 224 patients, 36 patients (16.07%) were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), whereas 72 patients (32.14%) were diagnosed with any grade prostate cancer. The result of multivariate analysis demonstrated that the PV (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.952, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.927-0.978) and ADC_min (p < 0.01, OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.989-0.998) were the independent factors for predicting csPCa. The AUC values of the PV and ADC_min were 0.779 (95% CI: 0.718-0.831) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.740-0.849), respectively, for diagnosing csPCa. After stratifying patients by PV and ADC_min, 24 patients (47.06%) with "PV < 55 mL and ADC_min < 685 μm²/s" were diagnosed with csPCa. However, only one patient (1.25%) with PV ≥ 55 mL and ADC_min ≥ 685 μm²/s were diagnosed with csPCa.

Conclusions: In this study, we found the combination of PV and ADC_min can stratify patients with a PI-RADS score of 3 to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. These patients with "PV ≥ 55 mL and ADC_min ≥ 685 μm²/s" may safely avoid prostate biopsies.

Keywords: apparent diffusion coefficient; clinically significant prostate cancer; diagnosis; prostate imaging reporting and data system; prostate volume.