Objectives: To explore the risk factors associated with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants.
Methods: This study was a multicenter prospective nested case-control study conducted in seven medical centers in Beijing, China. Infants aged 0-12 months were included, with 200 cases of CMPA infants and 799 control infants without CMPA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of CMPA.
Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, low birth weight, birth from the first pregnancy, firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and parental history of allergic diseases were associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that firstborn (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.14-3.13), spring birth (OR=3.42, 95%CI: 1.70-6.58), summer birth (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.22-4.27), mixed/artificial feeding (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.10-2.26), parental history of allergies (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.51-3.02), and both parents having allergies (OR=3.15, 95%CI: 1.78-5.56) were risk factors for CMPA in infants (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and a family history of allergies are associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants.
目的: 探讨婴儿牛奶蛋白过敏（cow's milk protein allergy, CMPA）发生的危险因素。方法: 该研究为多中心前瞻性巢式病例对照研究。选取北京市7家医学中心0~12月龄婴儿为研究对象。共纳入CMPA婴儿200例，未发生CMPA的婴儿（对照组）799例。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析探讨CMPA发生的危险因素。结果: 单因素logistic回归分析显示，早产儿、低出生体重儿、第一胎、第一产、春季出生、夏季出生、混合/人工喂养、父母患过敏性疾病与婴儿CMPA患病风险增加有关（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，第一产（OR=1.89，95%CI：1.14~3.13）、春季出生（OR=3.42，95%CI：1.70~6.58）、夏季出生（OR=2.29，95%CI：1.22~4.27）、混合/人工喂养（OR=1.57，95%CI：1.10~2.26）、父亲或母亲有过敏史（OR=2.13，95%CI：1.51~3.02）、双亲有过敏史（OR=3.15，95%CI：1.78~5.56）是婴儿CMPA发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论: 第一产出生、春季出生、夏季出生、混合/人工喂养或有过敏家族史的婴儿CMPA的患病风险增加。.
Keywords: Cow's milk protein allergy; Food allergy; Infant; Risk factor.