Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Patients 50 Years of Age and Younger: A 20-year Follow-Up Analysis

Bradford P Zitsch; Kevin M Cahoy; Nathanael D Urban; Brandt C Buckner; Kevin L Garvin

doi:10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.051

Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Patients 50 Years of Age and Younger: A 20-year Follow-Up Analysis

J Arthroplasty. 2024 Mar 26:S0883-5403(24)00267-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.051. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Bradford P Zitsch¹, Kevin M Cahoy², Nathanael D Urban², Brandt C Buckner¹, Kevin L Garvin¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
² College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

PMID: 38548239
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.051

Abstract

Background: Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) has been an excellent bearing for total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to improved wear characteristics compared to conventional materials. Patients 50 years of age or younger are at high risk for wear-related complications of their THA, and few studies have followed these patients who have HXPLE into the third decade.

Methods: In a retrospective review of 88 consecutive THAs performed in 77 patients aged 50 years and younger (mean 41; range, 20 to 50), in which HXLPE was utilized, they were evaluated for their clinical and radiographic results at an average of 20-year follow-up (range, 18 to 24). The current study reports on longer-term follow-up from our previously published series at shorter follow-up times. Patients were categorized by femoral head material: cobalt chrome (n = 14), ceramic (n = 30), and oxidized zirconium (n = 22) and by femoral head size: 26 mm (n = 12), 28 mm (n = 46), and 32 mm (n = 8). Harris Hip Scores were collected preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up. Radiographs were evaluated for linear and volumetric wear, radiolucent lines, and osteolysis.

Results: Mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 47.1 (standard deviation [SD] 8.8) preoperatively to 92.0 (SD 7.7) (P < .0001) at 20-year follow-up. There was one hip that was revised for recurrent instability, and no hip demonstrated radiographic evidence of loosening or osteolysis. The mean polyethylene linear wear rate was 0.017 (SD 0.012) mm/y, and the mean polyethylene volumetric wear rate was 3.15 (SD 2.8) mm³/year, with no significant differences based on articulation type or head size.

Conclusions: Total hip arthroplasty with HXLPE in patients ≤ 50 years of age continues to demonstrate excellent long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes with low wear characteristics at 20-year follow-up, regardless of femoral head material or size.

Keywords: highly cross-linked polyethylene; oxinium; polyethylene wear; total hip arthroplasty; young.