Human gut microbiome richness, diversity, and composition are associated with physical activity and impaired glycemic control; however, the associations with sedentary behavior and screen time are not as well-established. This study evaluated associations of sedentary behavior and screen time with the alpha diversity and composition of the human gut microbiome in adults with and without impaired glycemic control. Sedentary behavior and screen time data were collected via survey from 47 adults (38% with impaired glycemic control). Microbiome composition and alpha diversity were determined in fecal microbial DNA. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with the number of observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao 1 Index, and Fisher's Alpha Index. These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant when controlling for covariates. Screen time was negatively associated with the number of observed OTUs, Shannon Index, and Fisher's Alpha Index; however, only the association with observed OTUs was independent of all covariates. Our findings suggest sedentary behavior and screen time may be significant influencers of compositional changes in human gut microbiota. This may be a potential mechanism linking sedentary behavior and screen time to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: fecal microbiota; gut microbiota; insulin resistance; prediabetes; screen time; sedentary behavior; type 2 diabetes.