Shot Peening Effect on Sliding Wear in 0.9% NaCl of Additively Manufactured 17-4PH Steel

Mariusz Walczak; Aleksander Świetlicki; Mirosław Szala; Marcin Turek; Dariusz Chocyk

doi:10.3390/ma17061383

Shot Peening Effect on Sliding Wear in 0.9% NaCl of Additively Manufactured 17-4PH Steel

Materials (Basel). 2024 Mar 18;17(6):1383. doi: 10.3390/ma17061383.

Authors

Mariusz Walczak¹, Aleksander Świetlicki¹, Mirosław Szala¹, Marcin Turek², Dariusz Chocyk³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
² Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
³ Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.

Abstract

The growing demand for modern steels showing corrosion and tribological resistance has led to their increased use in the production of medical devices. This study analyzed the effect of shot peening on wear resistance in 0.9% NaCl solution of 17-4PH steel produced by direct laser metal sintering (DMLS) technology. The study's novelty relies on revealing the effect of shot peening (SP) surface treatment on the wet sliding wear resistance of 17-4PH steel produced with DMLS. Moreover, in the context of 17-4PH steel application for medical devices, the 0.9% NaCl tribological environment were selected, and SP processes were conducted using steel CrNi shot and ceramic (ZrO₂) beads. The up-to-date scientific literature has not identified these gaps in the research. DMLS technology makes it possible to obtain products with complex architectures, but it also faces various challenges, including imperfections in the surface layer of products due to the use of 3D printing technology itself. The chemical and phase composition of the materials obtained, Vickers hardness, surface roughness, and microscopic and SEM imaging were investigated. Tribological tests were carried out using the ball-on-disc method, and the surfaces that showed traces of abrasion to identify wear mechanisms were subjected to SEM analysis. The XRD phase analysis indicates that austenite and martensite were found in the post-production state, while a higher martensitic phase content was found in peened samples due to phase transformations. The surface hardness of the peened samples increased by more than double, and the post-treatment roughness increased by 12.8% after peening CrNi steels and decreased by 7.8% after peening ZrO₂ relative to the reference surfaces. Roughness has an identifiable effect on sliding wear resistance. Higher roughness promotes material loss. After the SP process, the coefficient of friction increased by 15.5% and 20.7%, while the wear factor (K) decreased by 25.9% and 32.7% for the samples peened with CrNi steels and ZrO₂, respectively. Abrasive and adhesive mechanisms were dominant, featured with slight fatigue. The investigation showed a positive effect of SP on the tribological properties of DMSL 17-4PH.

Keywords: 17-4PH; AISI 630; DMLS; additive manufacturing; shot peening; tribology; wear.

Grants and funding

The APC publication fee was fully covered by the authors’ voucher. The project was financed by Union of Lublin Universities in the framework of the program “INTERPROJECT” (Grant nr: INT/005/2022/I-N).