Association between dietary patterns and periodontal disease: The OsteoPerio cohort study

Yihua Yue; Kathleen M Hovey; Michael J LaMonte; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Chris A Andrews; Amy E Millen

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13979

Association between dietary patterns and periodontal disease: The OsteoPerio cohort study

J Clin Periodontol. 2024 Mar 27. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13979. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yihua Yue¹, Kathleen M Hovey¹, Michael J LaMonte¹, Jean Wactawski-Wende¹, Chris A Andrews², Amy E Millen¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
² Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

PMID: 38538208
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13979

Abstract

Aim: To examine the association of dietary patterns with periodontal disease (PD) and its progression over 5 years.

Materials and methods: Analyses involved 1197 post-menopausal women from the OsteoPerio cohort. Dietary patterns assessed include Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), Alternative HEI (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMed) at baseline (the average of two food frequency questionnaires administered between 1993 and 2001). At baseline and the 5-year follow-up, periodontal assessments evaluated alveolar crestal height (ACH), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), percentage of gingival sites bleeding on probing (%BOP) and missing teeth due to PD. Linear and logistic regression were used to examine the associations.

Results: Cross-sectionally, HEI and aMed were associated with smaller CAL and %BOP; along with DASH, they were associated with a decreased odds of teeth missing due to PD. AHEI and aMed were associated with a decreased odds of severe PD. Prospectively, AHEI was associated with greater ACH progression. This association was attenuated to the null after loss of ACH was imputed for teeth lost due to PD over follow-up, or after excluding participants with diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension or heart disease at baseline.

Conclusions: Better adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with better PD measures cross-sectionally but greater progression of ACH over 5 years. The latter might be explained by incident tooth loss due to PD and pre-existing comorbidities.

Keywords: dietary pattern; nutritional epidemiology; periodontal disease; tooth loss; women's health.

Abstract

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