The effect of disability and gender mediated by depression on health-related quality of life of Greek stroke patients in the subacute rehabilitation phase: a prospective cohort study

A Ploumis; S L Papadopoulou; V Siafaka; S Bekou; J Zika; G Dimakopoulos; T N Hyphantis

The effect of disability and gender mediated by depression on health-related quality of life of Greek stroke patients in the subacute rehabilitation phase: a prospective cohort study

Hippokratia. 2023 Jan-Mar;27(1):12-17.

Authors

A Ploumis¹, S L Papadopoulou², V Siafaka², S Bekou¹, J Zika¹, G Dimakopoulos², T N Hyphantis³

Affiliations

¹ Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
² Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
³ Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

PMID: 38533228
PMCID: PMC10908311

Abstract

Background: Stroke has been associated with compromised patient outcomes, such as a decreased quality of life. We aimed in the present study to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQοL) of hospitalized Greek stroke patients during the sub-acute rehabilitation period and assess the effect of demographic and clinical characteristics mediated by depressive symptom severity on HRQοL.

Methods: In a prospective study, a cohort of adult patients hospitalized in the sub-acute phase of their first stroke episode were assessed in the Rehabilitation Clinic of the University Hospital of Ioannina in Greece. Patients' functional status, depressive symptom severity, and HRQοL were evaluated twice, using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the Barthel Index (BI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. All patients received physical, occupational, and speech therapy during their rehabilitation.

Results: Fifty consecutive adult stroke patients were enrolled. We detected a statistically significant (p <0.001) improvement in WHOQOL-BREF, especially in the "psychological health" and "environment" domains, BI, and PHQ-9 scores, between the initial and follow-up assessments. Mediation analysis revealed that baseline disability had both a significant direct (estimate =0.014, p <0.001) and indirect (estimate =0.010, p <0.001, PHQ-9 as mediator) effect on the total HRQoL score. Gender and stroke localization had significant direct effects on HRQoL total (estimate =-0.432, p =0.009, and estimate =0.395, p =0.031, respectively), while PHQ-9 mediation was insignificant. Antidepressant medications and stroke type did not play a substantial role in HRQoL.

Conclusion: By the end of the subacute rehabilitation phase, patients' HRQoL, functionality and depression severity improved. Additionally, baseline functionality, stroke localization, and gender directly or indirectly (mediated by initial depression severity) affected HRQoL, with male patients and patients with stroke non-involving the frontal lobe/basal ganglia showing a better HRQoL by the end of rehabilitation. HIPPOKRATIA 2023, 27 (1):12-17.

Keywords: Barthel Index; Patient Health Questionnaire 9; WHOQOL-BREF; hospitalized patients; quality of life; rehabilitation; stroke.