A New Approach in the Early Electrochemical Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection using Carbon-based Nanomaterials

Navid Omidifar; Reza Masoumzadeh; Seyyed Amirreza Saghi; Ali Nikmanesh; Mansoureh Shokripour; Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi; Yousef Nikmanesh; Ahmad Gholami

doi:10.2174/0118722105285022240311062943

A New Approach in the Early Electrochemical Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection using Carbon-based Nanomaterials

Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.2174/0118722105285022240311062943. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Navid Omidifar^{1

2}, Reza Masoumzadeh², Seyyed Amirreza Saghi³, Ali Nikmanesh⁴, Mansoureh Shokripour², Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi⁵, Yousef Nikmanesh⁶, Ahmad Gholami^{7

1}

Affiliations

¹ Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
² Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
³ Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
⁶ Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

PMID: 38523523
DOI: 10.2174/0118722105285022240311062943

Abstract

The importance of early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection to treat and follow up this disease has led to many advances in diagnostic techniques and materials. Conventional diagnostic tests are not very useful, especially in the early stages of infection; it is therefore suggested that nanomaterials can enhance them by changing and strengthening their performance for a more accurate and rapid diagnosis. Electrochemical immunosensors with unique features such as miniaturization, low cost, specificity, and simplicity have become a convenient and vital tool in the rapid diagnosis of hepatitis B. Different strategies have been presented, such as graphene oxide and gold nanorods [GO-GNRs], graphene oxide [GO], copper metal-organic framework/ electrochemically reduced graphene oxide [Cu-MOF/ErGO] composite, label-free graphene oxide/Fe3O4/Prussian Blue [GO/Fe3O4/PB] immunosensor, and graphene oxide-ferrocene-CS/Au [ GO-Fc-CS/Au] nanoparticle layered electrochemical immunosensor. In this review, we discuss a group of the most widely used nanostructures, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which are used to develop electrochemical immunosensors for the early diagnosis of the hepatitis B virus.

Keywords: Quantum Dot; carbon nanotubes; graphene; viral hepatitis.