Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important index to evaluate the quality of surface water environments. In recent years, anomalies in DO level have emerged as a major contributor to the decline of surface water quality. These anomalies have triggered several ecological and environmental challenges such as biodiversity loss, the degradation of water environmental quality, intensification of eutrophication, and an exacerbation of the greenhouse effect. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DO anomalies and devising targeted remediation strategies holds paramount importance in the scientific pursuit of water pollution control and aquatic ecosystem restoration. We explored and summarized the fluctuations and abnormal mechanism of DO concentration in surface water, focusing on factors like oxygen solubility, reoxygenation rates, and oxygen consumption by water bodies. We compiled a range of approaches for addressing DO anomalies, including pollution source management, artificial oxygenation, and the reconfiguration of aquatic ecosystems. Ultimately, we underscored the emerging significance of monitoring and regulating DO level in surface waters. Future research in this realm should encompass the establishment of distinct quality standards for surface water, the development of a comprehensive real-time spatial monitoring system for DO levels across watersheds, and the formulation of standardized procedures and technical norms.
溶解氧是衡量地表水环境质量的重要指标之一。近年来,溶解氧异常已经成为地表水水质异常的主要因素之一,并导致生物多样性减少、水环境质量下降、富营养化加重、温室效应加剧等系列生态环境问题。因此,解析溶解氧异常机理并提出针对性的策略修复对科学实施水污染治理和水生态系统修复具有重要意义。本文总结和阐述了氧的溶解度、复氧速率、水体耗氧对地表水体溶解氧浓度变化影响及其异常机理,总结了污染源控制、人工增氧、水生态系统重构等溶解氧异常的修复调控方法,提出地表水溶解氧预警和调控是未来的研究热点,应将研究重心放在制定时空差异化的地表水环境质量标准、搭建流域溶解氧实时空间立体监测体系、建立生态系统标准流程和技术规范3个方面。.
Keywords: dissolved oxygen; mechanism; remediation; surface water; water quality.