The expansion of roads exacerbates the fragmentation of ecological networks and obstructs landscape connectivity. Scientific analysis of the impacts of different grades of roads on landscape connectivity and ecological networks is crucial for guiding road planning and ecological conservation. Based on the data of 2020 road network, land cover types, and digital elevation models, we used morphological spatial pattern analysis and circuit theory to construct ecological networks within different species dispersal distances (1, 3, 5, 10 km) in Fuzhou. We analyzed the impacts of roads of different grades (motorway, urban expressway, primary and secondary highway) on landscape connectivity at the landscape-patch-corridor scale. The results showed that at the landscape scale, overall landscape connectivity was significantly positively correlated with species dispersal distance. The motorway, urban expressway, primary and secondary highway had the lowest decline rate of overall landscape connectivity within a 10 km species dispersal range, being reduced by 15.6%, 5.3%, 1.5% and 5.2%, respectively. At the patch scale, in the comparison of roads of different grades, motorway led to the highest decline rate of patch connectivity within 1 and 5 km species dispersal range, while primary highway led to the highest decline rate of patch connectivity within 3 and 10 km species dispersal range. At the corridor scale, urban expressway led the highest increase rate of indices. The cost-weighted distance of the overall least-cost path, the ratio of cost-weighted distance to length, ove-rall effective resistance, and total corridor length within 5 km species dispersal range were increased by 43.4%, 33.2%, 57.3%, and 7.3%, respectively. As the distance of species dispersal increased, the patches with high importance were reduced from the northern, central, and northwestern regions to the northern regions, leading to a decrease in the living space of species, and the key corridors were gradually extending from the northwestern and southern regions to the central regions. Our results can guide the construction and optimization of Fuzhou's ecological network from an overall perspective, and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation, ecological restoration, and road network planning under the context of limited land resource utilization.
道路的扩张导致生态网络破碎化加剧及其景观连接度受阻,科学分析不同等级道路对景观连接度及生态网络的影响对指导道路规划和生态保护具有重要意义。本研究以福州市为研究区域,基于2020年道路网络、土地覆盖类型、数字高程模型等数据,运用形态学空间格局分析和电路理论在不同物种扩散距离(1、3、5、10 km)范围内进行生态网络构建,并在景观-斑块-廊道尺度分析不同等级道路(高速公路、城市快速路、一级公路、二级公路)对景观连接度的影响。结果表明: 在景观尺度,整体景观连接度与物种扩散距离呈显著正相关,其中,高速公路、城市快速路、一级公路、二级公路均在10 km物种扩散距离范围内导致整体景观连接度的下降率最低,分别为15.6%、5.3%、1.5%、5.2%;在斑块尺度,在不同等级道路的比较中,高速公路在1、5 km物种扩散距离范围内导致斑块连接度的下降率最大,一级公路在3、10 km物种扩散距离范围内导致斑块连接度的下降率最大;在廊道尺度,城市快速路在5 km物种扩散距离范围导致整体最低成本路径的成本加权距离、整体最低成本路径的成本加权距离与其长度之比、整体有效阻力和廊道总长度的上升率最高,分别为43.4%、33.2%、57.3%、7.3%。随着物种扩散距离的增加,重要性高的斑块从北部、中部、西北部地区缩减至北部地区,导致物种的生存空间减少,而关键廊道从西北部和南部地区逐渐向中部地区延伸。研究结果可从整体角度指导福州市生态网络的构建与优化,为土地资源利用有限背景下的生物多样性保护、生态修复和道路网络规划提供科学依据。.
Keywords: circuit theory; landscape connectivity; morphological spatial pattern analysis; road grade; species dispersal distance.