Association between immune-inflammatory indexes and lower urinary tract symptoms: an analysis of cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008)

BMJ Open. 2024 Mar 23;14(3):e080826. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080826.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between immune-inflammatory indexes with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005-2008).

Participants: A total of 2709 men with complete information for immune-inflammatory indexes and LUTSs were included from NHANES 2005-2008.

Outcomes and analyses: Automated haematology analysing devices are used to measure blood cell counts, and LUTSs were presented by standard questionnaires. Non-linear and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate their association after adjustment for confounders.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that pan-immune-inflammation value (OR (95% CI)=1.60 (1.14 to 2.23)), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (OR (95% CI)=1.82 (1.21 to 2.73)), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR (95% CI)=1.81 (1.31 to 2.49)), derived NLR (dNLR) (OR (95% CI)=1.91 (1.35 to 2.70)) and C reactive protein (CRP) (OR (95% CI)=1.71 (1.05 to 2.79)) was positively associated with LUTS. Additionally, composite immune-inflammation markers exhibited a stronger association with LUTS than any single index, with the ORs for high SIRI+high CRP, high NLR+high CRP and high dNLR+high CRP being 2.26, 2.44 and 2.16, respectively (all p<0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that age, smoking status and hypertension have different effects on the relationship between immune-inflammatory markers and LUTS.

Conclusions: This study indicated that high levels of immune-inflammatory markers were associated with an increased risk of clinical LUTS. The combination of CRP with SIRI, NLR and dNLR, respectively, showed a stronger positive correlation with clinical LUTS compared with any single index.

Keywords: kidney & urinary tract disorders; prostate; prostate disease.

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein* / metabolism
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Humans
  • Inflammation
  • Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Nutrition Surveys

Substances

  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Biomarkers