Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? A neuropsychological case study

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 May;11(5):1365-1370. doi: 10.1002/acn3.52038. Epub 2024 Mar 20.

Abstract

Objective: According to a seminal hypothesis stated by Crick and Koch in 1995, one is not aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex (V1) because this region lacks reciprocal connections with prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Methods: We provide here a neuropsychological illustration of this hypothesis in a patient with a very rare form of cortical blindness: ventral and dorsal cortical pathways were lesioned bilaterally while V1 areas were partially preserved.

Results: Visual stimuli escaped conscious perception but still activated V1 regions that were functionally disconnected from PFC.

Interpretation: These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a causal role of PFC in visual awareness.

Keywords: consciousness; cortical blindness; prefrontal cortex; primary visual cortex; vision.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Awareness / physiology
  • Blindness, Cortical / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Prefrontal Cortex / physiology
  • Prefrontal Cortex / physiopathology
  • Primary Visual Cortex* / physiology
  • Primary Visual Cortex* / physiopathology
  • Visual Perception / physiology