Effect of whitening toothpastes with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations: Penetration into the pulp chamber and color change

Laryssa M M Barbosa; Taynara S Carneiro; Michael W Favoreto; Christiane P F Borges; Alessandra Reis; Alessandro D Loguercio; Sônia S Meireles

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104951

Effect of whitening toothpastes with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations: Penetration into the pulp chamber and color change

J Dent. 2024 May:144:104951. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104951. Epub 2024 Mar 19.

Authors

Laryssa M M Barbosa¹, Taynara S Carneiro², Michael W Favoreto², Christiane P F Borges³, Alessandra Reis², Alessandro D Loguercio⁴, Sônia S Meireles¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
² Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
³ Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: aloguercio@hotmail.com.

PMID: 38508441
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104951

Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of simulated brushing with toothpastes containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in pulp chamber penetration and color change. Also, physical-chemical properties (concentration, pH and viscosity) were evaluated.

Methods: Forty-nine premolars were divided into seven groups (n = 7): untreated (control); whitening gel (White Class 6 %, 6 %BG) with one 90 min application (6 %BG 90 min) and 14 applications of 90 min (6 %BG 14×90 min); toothpastes (Colgate Luminous White Glow 3 %, 3 %TP; Crest 3D White Brilliance 4 %, 4 %TP; Colgate Optic White Pro-Series 5 %, 5 %TP) and 6 %BG toothbrushing for 14 applications of 90 s. HP penetration into the pulp chamber was measured through UV-Vis spectrophotometry and color change with a spectrophotometer (ΔE_ab, ΔE₀₀, and ΔWI_D). Initial concentration, pH, and viscosity were measured through Titration, Digital pH-meter, and Rheometer, respectively. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results: 6 %BG (14×90 min) and 4 %TP groups showed acidic pH and higher concentrations of HP in the pulp chamber compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). On the other side, 3 %TP and 5 %TP groups showed alkaline pH, higher viscosity between the toothpastes and lower HP penetration (p < 0.05). The 6 %BG AH (14×90 min) group exhibited the most significant color change (ΔE_ab, ΔE₀₀, and ΔWI_D) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Brushing with whitening toothpaste with an acidic pH leads to greater HP penetration into pulp chamber; but, even when a high concentrated HP whitening toothpaste was used, a lower whitening effect was observed when compared to a two-week at-home bleaching.

Clinical significance: Whitening toothpastes containing up to 5 % HP produced lower whitening effect than two-week at-home bleaching. Additionally, HP was detected within the pulp chamber which can potentially impact in tooth sensitivity.

Keywords: Color shade; Dental enamel permeability; Hydrogen peroxide; Toothpaste.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bicuspid
Color*
Dental Pulp Cavity* / metabolism
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide* / chemistry
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Materials Testing
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Time Factors
Tooth Bleaching Agents* / chemistry
Tooth Bleaching Agents* / pharmacokinetics
Tooth Bleaching* / methods
Toothbrushing*
Toothpastes* / chemistry
Viscosity

Substances

Hydrogen Peroxide
Tooth Bleaching Agents
Toothpastes