Odds and associated factors for thrombosis development among Lebanese COVID-19 patients: a case-control retrospective study

Mahmoud Youness; Sara Mansour; Fouad Sakr; Samer Olabi; Sarah Atwi; Iman Younes Martinez; Sami El Khatib; Souheil Hallit; Pascale Salameh; Diana Malaeb; Hassan Hosseini

doi:10.1080/20523211.2024.2319743

Odds and associated factors for thrombosis development among Lebanese COVID-19 patients: a case-control retrospective study

J Pharm Policy Pract. 2024 Mar 14;17(1):2319743. doi: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2319743. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Mahmoud Youness¹, Sara Mansour², Fouad Sakr², Samer Olabi³, Sarah Atwi³, Iman Younes Martinez⁴, Sami El Khatib^{5

6}, Souheil Hallit^{7

8}, Pascale Salameh^{9

10

11

12}, Diana Malaeb¹³, Hassan Hosseini^{14

15

16}

Affiliations

¹ Research Department, Beirut Cardiac Institute, Beirut, Lebanon.
² School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
³ Rafic Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon.
⁶ Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
⁷ School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.
⁸ Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
⁹ INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹⁰ Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
¹¹ Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
¹² School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
¹³ College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
¹⁴ Neurology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Creteil, France.
¹⁵ UPEC-University Paris-Est, Creteil, France.
¹⁶ RAMSAY SANTÉ, HPPE, Champigny sur Marne, France.

Abstract

Background: Thromboembolism is reported to be up to 27% in COVID-19 patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dysregulated systemic inflammation and various patient traits play a vital role in thrombosis progression.

Purpose: To assess odds and associated factors for thrombosis development among Lebanese COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This was a case-control retrospective study conducted in January-May 2021. Patients infected with COVID-19 and developed thrombosis were classified as cases and patients who were thrombosis-free identified as control. A questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, clinical parameters, and WHO COVID-19 disease severity.

Results: Among 267 patients, 26 (9.7%) developed thrombosis and the majority of thrombosis 34.6% was myocardial infarction, and the least (3.8%) was for catheter-related thrombosis. Results showed that the risk of thrombosis development is higher in patients with previous thromboembolic event (OR = 9.160) and previous intake of anti-hypertensive medications at home (OR = 3.116). However, females (OR = 0.330; CI: 0.118-0.925), intake of anticoagulants during hospital admission (OR = 0.126; CI: 0.053-0.300) and non-severe COVID-19 were at lower thrombosis risk (OR = 0.273). Patients who developed thromboembolic events had longer hospital stay (OR = 0.077).

Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 and thromboembolism were at higher risk of mortality as compared to patients with COVID-19 but without thromboembolism. The use of anticoagulants significantly reduced the risk for thromboembolism.

Keywords: COVID-19; death; factors associated; hospitalisation; thromboembolism.