Impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, contributions of research in a climate change context. A narrative review

Alicia Padrón-Monedero; Cristina Linares; Julio Díaz; Isabel Noguer-Zambrano

doi:10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x

Impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, contributions of research in a climate change context. A narrative review

Int J Biometeorol. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Alicia Padrón-Monedero¹, Cristina Linares², Julio Díaz², Isabel Noguer-Zambrano³

Affiliations

¹ Health Programs Department, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. a.padronm@isciii.es.
² Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ISCIII), Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
³ Health Programs Department, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 38503966
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x

Abstract

Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem and constitute a priority for the WHO, whose recommendations include the surveillance of their risk factors. On the other hand, drought episodes have been increasing in frequency and severity in Europe since 1980. Therefore, to review the present knowledge about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, in the present climate change context, and to underline potential research gaps, could be of major interest. Thus, we performed a narrative review using online academic databases with the aim of identifying relevant literature about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders. To the best of our knowledge, no study in Europe quantifies the potential association between drought and mental disorders. A limited number of studies have found significant associations between droughts (with different temporal ranges) and various measures of mental health. However, according to our review, only three of them quantified the association between drought and objective mental health outcomes, such as number of emergencies due to clinically diagnosed mental disorders or suicides. Additionally, few studies used specific indices as a measure of drought; and finally, as far as authors are aware, none of them has analyzed this relationship adjusting for various other potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the eventual association could vary between different geographical areas within the same country. Therefore, national and regional studies would be especially necessary. Thus, there is a need for specific national and regional studies, in Europe and globally, that assess the impact of specific indices of drought (with different temporal ranges) on objective mental health outcomes controlling for potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the quantification of its cost would be necessary for health prioritization, evidence-based policies and strategic health planning.

Keywords: Climate change; Droughts; Environmental factors; Heat waves; Mental disorders; Suicide mortality.

Publication types

Review