Including environmental and climatic considerations for sustainable coral reef restoration

PLoS Biol. 2024 Mar 19;22(3):e3002542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002542. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Coral reefs provide ecosystem benefits to millions of people but are threatened by rapid environmental change and ever-increasing human pressures. Restoration is becoming a priority strategy for coral reef conservation, yet implementation remains challenging and it is becoming increasingly apparent that indirect conservation and restoration approaches will not ensure the long-term sustainability of coral reefs. The important role of environmental conditions in restoration practice are currently undervalued, carrying substantial implications for restoration success. Giving paramount importance to environmental conditions, particularly during the pre-restoration planning phase, has the potential to bring about considerable improvements in coral reef restoration and innovation. This Essay argues that restoration risk may be reduced by adopting an environmentally aware perspective that gives historical, contemporary, and future context to restoration decisions. Such an approach will open up new restoration opportunities with improved sustainability that have the capacity to dynamically respond to environmental trajectories.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anthozoa*
  • Conservation of Natural Resources
  • Coral Reefs*
  • Ecosystem
  • Forecasting
  • Humans

Grants and funding

BR was supported by the ISF (number (3511/21), NSFC (number 42161144006) Joint Scientific Research Program. GLF and TMP were supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant #884650 Microns2Reefs. VS was supported by a Vidi Grant from the Dutch Research Council (VI.Vidi.203.069). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.