The constant increase in the level of traumatic brain injuries in recent years, the frequent cases of disability and mortality associated with them require in-depth comprehensive research to study the problem on the ground, its medical, social, and economic aspects, which is very important for improving organizational measures to reduce traumatization among all age groups of the population. Objectives - to determine the presence and nature of structural damage associated with traumatic brain injury. The presence and nature of structural damage associated with traumatic brain injury. The studies included data on the treatment of victims with traumatic brain injuries from 2016 to 2020 on the basis of the Surgical Clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. Among the victims, men accounted for 77.9% and women 22.1%. In a prospective comparative study, after signing informed consent, 299 people of different sexes were included, of which 90 were victims with isolated TBI. The inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: victims with a verified diagnosis of TBI; age over 18; patients without concomitant somatic pathology. In a gender-comparative analysis of the revealed data, an injury combined with fractures of the bones of the extremities was recorded in 77 (81.1%) males and 18 of their female opponents, who also received TBI and accounted for 18.9%. Also high, especially in the male half of the examined injured persons, was the frequency of occurrence of TBI combinations with rib fractures and injuries of the chest organs, such injuries were registered in 41 victims, which accounted for 77.4% of all the above combined TBI. Somewhat less in both sex groups was TBI in combination with traumatic injuries of organs and tissues of the abdominal region, as well as with mixed injuries (χ2 criterion is 2.066; Df=4; p=0.724). The lowest level of TBI was observed in people under the age of 20 and older than 70 years, in other groups this figure increased sharply, reaching a maximum at the age of 20-29 and 40-49 years, and stabilized in the age groups over 49 years. The maximum number of cases associated with partial or complete loss of consciousness was recorded in persons aggravated by simultaneous traumatization of the upper or lower extremities and chest, as well as in isolated TBI.