Enhancing Soybean and Maize Yields through Improved Nitrogen and Soil Water Use Efficiencies: A 40-Year Study on the Impact of Farmyard Manure Amendment in Northeast China

Yuying Liu; Minsong Bai; Feng Shen; Zhengchao Wu; Jinfeng Yang; Na Li; Houjun Liu; Jian Dai; Xiaori Han

doi:10.3390/plants13040500

Enhancing Soybean and Maize Yields through Improved Nitrogen and Soil Water Use Efficiencies: A 40-Year Study on the Impact of Farmyard Manure Amendment in Northeast China

Plants (Basel). 2024 Feb 10;13(4):500. doi: 10.3390/plants13040500.

Authors

Yuying Liu^{1

2

3}, Minsong Bai^{1

2

3}, Feng Shen^{1

2

3}, Zhengchao Wu⁴, Jinfeng Yang^{1

2

3}, Na Li^{1

2

3}, Houjun Liu^{1

2

3}, Jian Dai^{1

2

3}, Xiaori Han^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Agricultural Resources and Environment Mobile Station, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
² National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China.
³ Monitoring & Experimental Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilization in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China.
⁴ Analytical and Testing Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.

Abstract

The combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers has been recognized as a critical factor driving significant changes in crop yield and nutrient use efficiency, holding the potential to optimize agricultural management to achieve high yields. In this 40-year study, we investigated the effect of manure amendment on soybean and maize yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies (WUE and NUE), and water and mineral N storage at 0-100 cm soil depths from 2017 to 2018 to explore the optimization of fertilization management strategies for soybean and maize production in Northeast China. To elucidate the impact of chemical fertilizers and manure, twelve treatments-control (CK); single N fertilizer at a low rate (N₁) and that at a high rate (N₂); N₁, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer (N₁PK); manure alone at 13.5 and 27 t ha^-1 (M₁ and M₂); and those combined with N, P, or K fertilizer (M₁N₁, M₁N₂, and M₁N₁PK and M₂N₁, M₂N₂, and M₂N₁PK)-were selected and studied. The results showed that long-term amendment with manure significantly increased crop biomass and yield in the soybean-maize-maize rotation system. Combining with manure increased the WUE, the partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFP_N), and N physiological efficiency (PE_N) in both the soybean and maize seasons; conserved soil water (mainly at 40-60 cm); and increased soil N retention (in the upper 60 cm layer), which reduced the risk of N leaching, with a better effect being observed after the application of 13.5 t ha^-1 manure. These results provide insight into the potential of using fertilization management strategies that include amendment with 13.5 t ha^-1 manure in combination with N, P, and K fertilizer in the maize season and only chemical fertilizer in the soybean season, as these results indicate that such strategies can achieve high yields and be used to implement agricultural sustainable development in brown soil regions in Northeast China.

Keywords: manure amendment; soil mineral N; soybean–maize–maize rotation; water and N use efficiencies; yield.

Abstract

Grants and funding