Ameliorating orthodontic relapse using laser bio-stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells in rats

Samer S Othman; Ali Saafan; Mohammad M F Al-Halbosiy; Iman Fathy; Mohamed Khursheed Alam; Amr R El-Beialy; Hanady S Al-Shmgani; Ghassan M Sulaiman

doi:10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100331

Ameliorating orthodontic relapse using laser bio-stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells in rats

J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2024 Mar;22(1):100331. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100331. Epub 2024 Jan 22.

Authors

Samer S Othman¹, Ali Saafan², Mohammad M F Al-Halbosiy³, Iman Fathy⁴, Mohamed Khursheed Alam⁵, Amr R El-Beialy⁶, Hanady S Al-Shmgani⁷, Ghassan M Sulaiman⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq.
² Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute for Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁵ Professor of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: amr.elbeialy@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.
⁷ Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haitham University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq. Electronic address: hanadi.s.as@ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq.
⁸ Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic relapse is a frequent problem that many patients experience. Although orthodontic therapy has advanced, recurrence rates can still reach 90%. We undertook a study to look at the possibilities of laser bio-stimulation and stem cells because they have showed promising outcomes in lowering recurrence rates.

Objectives: Our objective was to analyze the effects of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) alone and collectively on the rate of orthodontic relapse in rats radiographically and histologically.

Methods: Rat maxillary central incisors were moved distally for two weeks. One week later, the incisors were retained. Animals (n = 40) were split into four groups. Control group (C); laser treatment Group (L), Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Group (BMSCs) and combination of Stem cells and laser-irradiation group (BMSCs-L). Removed retainer permitted relapse. Before stem cell application or laser irradiation, each animal underwent two CBCT scans. Rat maxillae were stained with Hx&E, Masson trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase antibody for histology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry.

Results and conclusions: LLLT could reduce the relapse tendency, as shown by increased bone density and enhanced remodeling of hetero-formed periodontal ligament (PDL). Furthermore, the transfer of BMMSCs on the pressure side had positive effects on PDL remodeling and decreased, but did not inhibit, the relapse rate. Finally, the synergistic effects of the application of LLLT and BMMSC were better than the control but still moderate and long-lasting.

Clinical significance: Based on the improved relapse rate as proven in the present study, the Application of both LLLT and stem cells can be adopted to reduce the relapse tendency either lonely or collectively.

Keywords: Hetero-formed periodontal ligament; Laser irradiation; Low-level laser treatment; Mesenchyme stem cells; Orthodontic relapse.