Exploring the interplay between ankle muscle strength, postural control, and pain intensity in chronic ankle instability: A comprehensive analysis

Mastour Saeed Alshahrani; Ravi Shankar Reddy; Adel Alshahrani; Ajay Prashad Gautam; Saud F Alsubaie

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27374

Exploring the interplay between ankle muscle strength, postural control, and pain intensity in chronic ankle instability: A comprehensive analysis

Heliyon. 2024 Mar 5;10(5):e27374. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27374. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Authors

Mastour Saeed Alshahrani¹, Ravi Shankar Reddy¹, Adel Alshahrani², Ajay Prashad Gautam¹, Saud F Alsubaie³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences-Physiotherapy Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by recurring ankle sprains and impaired postural control (PC). Understanding the relationship between ankle muscle strength, PC, and the role of pain is essential for effective management.

Objectives: This prospective cross sectional study aimed to 1. Compare ankle isometric muscle strength (IMS) and PC between CAI and asymptomatic sides. 2. Assess the correlations between ankle IMS and PC and explore the potential mediating effect of pain in individuals with CAI.

Methods: A total of 44 individuals with CAI, were enrolled in the study. Ankle IMS (dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, invertors, and evertors) was measured using a dynamometer, while PC was evaluated using sway parameters (anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sway, ellipse area). Pain levels were reported using a Visual Analog Scale.

Results: The CAI ankles exhibited significantly lower ankle IMS in all muscle groups compared to the asymptomatic ankles (p < 0.001). Additionally, the CAI side showed increased postural sway and a larger ellipse area (p < 0.001), indicating reduced PC. Negative correlations were observed between ankle IMS and PC parameters on the CAI side, with dorsiflexor strength showing correlations ranging from -0.423 to -0.387, plantar flexor strength ranging from -0.423 to -0.371, invertor strength ranging from -0.412 to -0.238, and evertor strength ranging from -0.451 to -0.365 (p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that pain played a significant mediating role in connecting ankle IMS and PC parameters among individuals with CAI, with statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Individuals with CAI exhibit weaker ankle IMS and diminished PC in comparison to their healthy side. Moreover, pain was identified as a mediator in the relationship between ankle IMS and PC in CAI. These findings underscore the importance of addressing both ankle IMS and pain in the rehabilitation and management of CAI.

Keywords: Ankle muscle strength; Chronic ankle instability; Pain mediation; Postural control.