Particle therapy and radiopharmaceuticals are emerging fields in the treatment of genitourinary cancers. With these novel techniques and the ever-growing immunotherapy options, the combinations of these therapies have the potential to improve current cancer cure rates. However, the most effective sequence and combination of these therapies is unknown and is a question that is actively being explored in multiple ongoing clinical trials. Here, we review the immunological effects of particle therapy and the available radiopharmaceuticals and discuss how best to combine these therapies.
Keywords: abscopal effect; cancers; genitourinary; immunotherapy; particle therapy; theranostics.
© 2023 The Authors. BJUI Compass published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International Company.