Purpose: This prospective cohort study examined the effects of the number of present and functional teeth on mortality among older Japanese adults requiring nursing care in an environment of comprehensive oral hygiene and nutritional management.
Methods: The study included 174 older adults (mean age: 84.4 ± 8.3 years; male/female: 49/125) in need of support or long-term care, who resided in either a local specialized healthcare facility or their own homes, and received daily oral hygiene and nutritional support at facilities in Okayama, Japan. The initial clinical oral examination along with assessment of general physical condition and nursing environment of the participants were performed in July 2013 and followed up for one year.
Results: All-cause mortality occurred in 28 (mean age: 88.7 ±13.4 years; male/female: 6 /22) individuals during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that older age, low performance in activities of daily living (Barthel Index <40), and underweight status (body mass index <18.5) were significant risk factors for mortality. The number of present and functional teeth were not found to be significant risk factors for mortality.
Conclusions: During the one-year follow-up period, the number of present and functional teeth did not have a significant impact on mortality among older Japanese adults requiring nursing care in a well-managed environment of oral hygiene and nutritional status.
Keywords: Dental care for older adults; Mortality; Nursing care; Oral health; Tooth loss.