Optical Coupling in Atomic Waveguide for Vertically Integrated Photonics

Yue Wang; Junzhuan Wang; Ruijuan Tian; Jiapeng Zheng; Lei Shao; Bo Liu; Fengqiu Wang; Xuetao Gan; Yi Shi; Xiaomu Wang

doi:10.34133/research.0329

Optical Coupling in Atomic Waveguide for Vertically Integrated Photonics

Research (Wash D C). 2024 Mar 11:7:0329. doi: 10.34133/research.0329. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yue Wang¹, Junzhuan Wang¹, Ruijuan Tian², Jiapeng Zheng³, Lei Shao⁴, Bo Liu⁵, Fengqiu Wang¹, Xuetao Gan², Yi Shi¹, Xiaomu Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
² Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
³ Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
⁵ Institute of Optics and Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Abstract

Integrated 2-dimensional (2D) photonic devices such as monolayer waveguide has generated exceptional interest because of their ultimate thinness. In particular, they potentially permit stereo photonic architecture through bond-free van der Waals integration. However, little is known about the coupling and controlling of the single-atom guided wave to its photonic environment, which governs the design and application of integrated system. Here, we report the optical coupling of atomically guided waves to other photonic modes. We directly probe the mode beating between evanescent waves in a monolayer 2D waveguide and a silicon photonic waveguide, which constitutes a vertically integrated interferometer. The mode-coupling measures the dispersion relation of the guided wave inside the atomic waveguide and unveils it strongly modifies matter's electronic states, manifesting by the formation of a propagating polariton. We also demonstrated light modulating and spectral detecting in this compact nonplanar interferometer. These findings provide a generalizable and versatile platform toward monolithic 3-dimensional integrated photonics.