1 Research Team for Social Participation and Healthy Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi City, Tokyo, 1730015, Japan. shohei@z2.keio.jp.
2 Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan. shohei@z2.keio.jp.
3 Research Center for Financial Gerontology, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan. shohei@z2.keio.jp.
4 Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan.
5 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan.
6 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Campus USÖ, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden.
7 World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor 7. 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan.
8 Research Center for Financial Gerontology, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan.
9 Hirao School of Management, Konan University, 8-33 Takamatsucho, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo, Japan.
10 Faculty of Economics, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan.
11 Research Team for Social Participation and Healthy Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi City, Tokyo, 1730015, Japan.
12 Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, 22 Sanbancho, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan.