The role of the radiation oncologist in the management of patients affected by prostate cancer is increasingly considered thanks to important technological innovations that have marked the radiotherapeutic approach in its three main fields: external beam radiotherapy (EB-RT), brachytherapy (interventional radiotherapy, I-RT), and metabolic radiotherapy (M-RT) through the use of new radiopharmaceuticals. Regarding the modern brachytherapy, the introduction of intensity-modulated techniques (IM-IRT), thanks to the implementation of HDR remote-after loading machines, and image-guided techniques (IG-IRT), has led to advantages in optimizing dose distribution after implantation with the possibility of modulating the dose according to the intraprostatic dominant lesions, limiting the dose to the surrounding tissues with improvement in local control and a significant reduction in side effects. I-RT today represents a safe, scientifically established, effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients affected by prostate cancer. Like most special techniques, in order to obtain the best results, it must be performed in centers with a high volume of activity and consolidated experience with an interdisciplinary approach.
Keywords: BT; Brachytherapy; interventional radiotherapy; prostate cancer; radiotherapy.