Objective: To analyze the transfusion effect of different platelet matching schemes in patients with platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). Methods: A total of 94 patients with PTR received by Taiyuan Blood Center from January to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 26 males and 68 females, aged 53(34,66) years. Platelet antibody screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For patients with positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ⅰ antibodies, Luminex platform liquid chip assay was used to identify the specificity of antibodies, and platelets with missing allelic expression antigen corresponding to their specific antibodies were found in the platelet donor gene database established in our laboratory. For patients with negative class HLA-Ⅰ antibody screening, medium and high-resolution HLA-A and B alleles were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO), and the compatible platelets were searched from the platelet donor gene database by HLA cross-reactive group genotype matching scheme or directly selected by serological cross-matching. The PCI compliance rate and total transfusion effective rate of different mismatch site groups and different matching scheme groups were statistically analyzed. Results: Platelet antibody was detected in 39 of 94 PTR patients with a positive rate of 41.5%, and all of them were HLA-Ⅰ antibodies, and 1 case was accompanied by human platelet antigen (HPA) antibody. A total of 134 times of compatible platelets were supplied to 39 patients with HLA-Ⅰ antibody positive by using antibody avoidance matching method. And the total effective rate of transfusion was 97.8% (131/134); The PCI compliance rates of HLA-A antigen mismatch, HLA-B antigen mismatch and HLA-A and B antigen mismatch groups were 81.6% (31/38), 86.5% (32/37) and 78.6% (22/28), respectively. The total effective rate of transfusion was 97.4% (37/38), 94.6% (35/37) and 100% (28/28), respectively, with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). A total of 118 times of compatible platelets were provided by HLA antigen cross-reaction group genotype matching and serological cross-matching, 90 transfusion effects were collected during follow-up, and the total effective rate was 76.7% (69/90). Conclusion: The combination of different platelet matching schemes can improve the PCI compliance rate and the total effective rate of transfusion in PTR patients.
目的： 分析不同血小板配型方案在血小板输注无效（PTR）患者中的输注效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2021年1至12月太原市血液中心接收的PTR患者94例，其中男26例，女68例，年龄［M（Q1，Q3）］为53（34，66）岁。采用ELISA进行血小板抗体筛查，对于人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-Ⅰ类抗体阳性患者，利用Luminex平台液相芯片法鉴定抗体特异性，在本实验室建立的血小板供者基因数据库中寻找其特异性抗体对应等位基因表达抗原缺失的血小板；对于HLA-Ⅰ类抗体筛查阴性患者，通过聚合酶链反应-序列特异性核苷酸探针（PCR-SSO）技术进行HLA-A、B位点中、高分辨等位基因分型，采用HLA交叉反应组基因型配型方案，从血小板供者基因数据库中寻找相容性血小板或直接根据血清学交叉配型结果进行选择。统计分析不同错配位点组以及不同配型方案组的血小板计数增长值（PCI）达标率和输注总有效率。 结果： 在94例PTR患者中检出血小板抗体39例，阳性率为41.5%，抗体特异性全部为HLA-Ⅰ类抗体，其中1例伴人类血小板抗原（HPA）抗体。采用规避抗体配型法为39例HLA-Ⅰ类抗体阳性患者提供了134次相容性血小板，输注总有效率为97.8%（131/134）；HLA-A抗原错配、HLA-B抗原错配及HLA-A、B抗原同时错配组的PCI达标率分别为81.6%（31/38）、86.5%（32/37）、78.6%（22/28），输注总有效率分别为97.4%（37/38）、94.6%（35/37）、100%（28/28），差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。采用HLA抗原交叉反应组基因型配型和血清学交叉配型方法为55例HLA-Ⅰ类抗体筛查阴性患者提供了118次相容性血小板，随访收集到输注效果90次，输注总有效率为76.7%（69/90）。 结论： 联合使用血小板不同配型方案可提高PTR患者的PCI达标率和输注总有效率。.