Single-Atom palladium engineered cobalt nanocomposite for selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

Abstract

Developing efficient catalysts for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using molecular oxygen as the oxidant is a challenging task. Here, we report a novel catalyst comprising a single atom palladium engineered cobalt nanocomposite (denoted as PdCo@NC-800-0.01) for this reaction. The incorporation of single atom palladium effectively transforms an originally inactive cobalt nanocomposite into a highly efficient and selective catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides. This catalyst PdCo@NC-800-0.01 exhibited outstanding performance in the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using O₂ as the oxidant in the presence of isobutyraldehyde (IBA) under mild conditions, demonstrating high activity and excellent selectivity for a broad spectrum of sulfides with good tolerance toward various functional groups, including those susceptible to oxidation. Furthermore, the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused up to 10 times without any significant loss in activity and selectivity. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the engineering of cobalt nanocomposite with single atom Pd greatly enhanced the ability to adsorb and activate IBA, leading to the generation of the key acyl radical. This radical then reacted with singlet oxygen ¹O₂ derived from molecular oxygen, producing reactive oxygen species peroxy radical, which ultimately promoted the catalytic performance.

Keywords: Cobalt nanocomposite; Molecular oxygen; Single atom palladium; Sulfides; Sulfoxidation.