Fluoride-amorphous calcium phosphate and biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite for enamel remineralization: An in-vitro study of surface microhardness and composition

Sameh Hamed; Mohammad H Abd El Latief; Noha A El-Wassefy; Mona A Montasser

doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100865

Fluoride-amorphous calcium phosphate and biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite for enamel remineralization: An in-vitro study of surface microhardness and composition

Int Orthod. 2024 Mar 7;22(2):100865. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100865. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Sameh Hamed¹, Mohammad H Abd El Latief¹, Noha A El-Wassefy², Mona A Montasser³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
² Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
³ Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: mmontasser11@yahoo.com.

PMID: 38457899
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100865

Abstract

Aim: Fluoride-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Biomimetic Nano-Hydroxyapatite for Enamel Remineralization; An In-Vitro Study of Surface Microhardness and Composition.

Material and methods: Ninety-six extracted human premolars with sound buccal surface were divided using a randomization computer-generating software into four groups; Group I (control) sound untreated enamel, Group II (demineralized) demineralized to create white spot lesions, Group III (biom-n-HA) demineralized and then treated with biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite cream, and Group IV (F-ACP) demineralized and then treated using Fluoride-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate varnish. Each group was divided into two subgroups; subgroup "A" evaluated for mineral content using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and for surface microhardness using the Vickers microhardness test and Subgroup "B" evaluated for white spot lesion depth using a polarized light microscope (PLM).

Results: The highest microhardness (VHN) was found in the (F-ACP) group (mean=428.61±54.43) and then in the (Biom-n-HA) group (mean=408.11±70.16) followed by the (Control) group (mean=402.13±53.40) with no significant difference between them and finally in the significantly different (Demineralized) group (mean=256.99±45.83). The weight percentage of Ca (30.29±1.04 and 33.44±1.07) and Ca/P ratio (1.87±0.06 and 2.03±0.05) were significantly different between Group III and Group IV respectively. PLM measurements in Group II (198.83μm), Group III (60.17μm), and Group IV (26.33μm) were significantly different.

Conclusions: Both the (Biom-n-HA) cream and the (F-ACP) varnish showed promising results for enamel remineralization. The increased enamel surface microhardness was consistent with the mineral content and the changes in the birefringence.

Keywords: Demineralization; Enamel remineralization; Fluoride varnish; Fluorides; Nano-hydroxyapatite; Orthodontic treatment; Topical*; White spot lesions.