Aborted AIS spinal fusion due to persistent loss of IONM: which patients are at greatest risk?

Abstract

Purpose: Determine peri-operative risk factors predictive for prematurely stopping surgery prior to completion of deformity correction due to intra-operative neuromonitoring changes.

Methods: A single institution retrospective review of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients that underwent spinal fusion for curves greater than 70°. Cases aborted due to persistent loss of IONM were compared to completed cases. Demographic, radiographic, neurologic, and surgical information was reviewed.

Results: There were 453 total cases. Nine (9/453: (2%)) cases were aborted due to persistent loss of IONM, and 4 (4/453; (0.88%)) awoke with a neurologic deficit. Comparing to the 444 completed cases, pre-operative risk factors associated with case abortion were older age (15.3 vs. 13.8 years; p = 0.02), sex (male) (66.7% vs. 20.3%, p = 0.004), and larger cobb angles (87.6° vs. 79.2°; p = 0.01). Being male increased the risk of case abortion: 7.9X. Intraoperative risk factors associated with case abortion were combined anterior/posterior approach (ASF/PSF) (44.4% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.003) and increased index procedure EBL (1127 vs. 769 mL; p = 0.043). ASF/PSF increased the risk: 10.3X. Four (4/9;44%) of the aborted cases awoke with neurologic deficit. Motor strength returned at 2.3 days (0-18). Aborted cases returned to the OR after 12.6 ± 7.0 days (1-23) which was related to time to regain motor strength.

Conclusion: Pre-operative risk factors for AIS case abortion due to persistent loss of IOMN are older age, males, with larger Cobb angles. Intraoperative risk factors are combined ASF/PSF and increased index procedure EBL. Independent risk factors were sex (male) and ASF/PSF which increased the risk 7.9X and 10.3X, respectively.

Keywords: AIS; Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; Neurologic deficit; Risk factors; Spine fusion.