Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks

Hongzhi Wu; Jiajun Xie; Weiqi Peng; Fengjie Ji; Jinyu Qian; Qian Shen; Guanyu Hou

doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1364815

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks

Front Vet Sci. 2024 Feb 16:11:1364815. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364815. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Hongzhi Wu^#¹, Jiajun Xie^#², Weiqi Peng¹, Fengjie Ji¹, Jinyu Qian¹, Qian Shen³, Guanyu Hou¹

Affiliations

¹ Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
² College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
³ Hainan Xuhuai Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Exogenous supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid can mechanistically regulate the energy distribution in muscle cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks. We randomly divided 480 42 days-old female Jiaji ducks into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks for each replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg (GA400, GA600, and GA800) guanidinoacetic acid, respectively. Compared with the control group, (1) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0262), triglycerides (p = 0.0357), malondialdehyde (p = 0.0452) contents were lower in GA400, GA600 and GA800 in the liver; (2) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0365), triglycerides (p = 0.0459), and malondialdehyde (p = 0.0326) contents in breast muscle were decreased in GA400, GA600 and GA800; (3) the high density lipoprotein (p = 0.0356) and apolipoprotein-A1 (p = 0.0125) contents were increased in GA600 in the liver; (4) the apolipoprotein-A1 contents (p = 0.0489) in breast muscle were higher in GA600 and GA800; (5) the lipoprotein lipase contents (p = 0.0325) in the liver were higher in GA600 and GA800; (6) the malate dehydrogenase contents (p = 0.0269) in breast muscle were lower in GA400, GA600, and GA800; (7) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0326), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0412), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0235) relative expression were higher in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in the liver; (8) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0269), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0234), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0425) relative expression were increased in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in breast muscle. In this study, the optimum dosage of 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid improved the liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks.

Keywords: fat deposition; fatty acid composition; guanidinoacetic acid; lipase activity; lipid metabolism genes.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (322MS134), Non-profit Research Initiation Funding from Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS (PZS2023015), and the China Scholarship Council (CSC) National Public Graduate Program for Building Highly Qualified Universities.